*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases at no cost to you. All photos are my own and previously unpublished. I am not being paid to promote any of the products mentioned in this article. Pet Remedy Products: Calming Plug Diffuser Calming Spray Calming Wipes Calming Kits Pet Remedy was founded in 2000 as a new way of tackling stress and anxiety in pets. Products are made and developed in England, UK, and exported to 21 countries worldwide. Pet Remedy is available to buy in Pets at Home and other pet store chains; and online from Amazon, eBay or direct from the brand's website . It's stocked by thousands of veterinary practices and rescue organisations, which is a testament to the quality and effectiveness of their range. Pet Remedy is available as a plug diffuser, calming spray, wipes and battery atomiser. Go to review ⇨ Calming Plug Diffuser ✓   Best for long-term use. Go to review ⇨ Battery-Operated Atomiser ✓   Best for small areas. Go to review ⇨ Calming Spray ✓ Best for stressful events. Go to review ⇨ Calming Wipes ✓ Best for travelling. What Is Pet Remedy? Pet Remedy is clinically proven to work with pets' natural calming systems by mimicking GABA, a natural calming agent present in all mammals, birds and reptiles. When a pet becomes anxious or stressed, the active ingredients in Pet Remedy help to trick fired-up nerve cells into thinking they're getting a message from the brain to calm down. The effects are immediate and, unlike feline pheromone products , they can be used on other pets and animals. Benefits include: Helping animals to feel safe in unpredictable situations and environments. Making animals more aware of their surroundings and receptive to owners so you can focus on calming their behaviour, which makes it ideal for training. Aiding decision making and emotional resilience to cope with stressful events. Improving social connections with other animals. Usage: Travelling and carriers. Vet visits. Separation anxiety. Fireworks and other loud noises. Introducing new pets. Moving house. Training. Bonding. Remember, Pet Remedy is only a support mechanism that helps to calm excited nerves. It won't eliminate underlying or external issues, and there's still a matter of learnt and reactive behaviours to deal with. Visit Ingredients Products contain a low concentration of valerian, vetiver, basil and clary sage essential oils, which are safe for cats. Valerian (Valeriana officinalis) is a herb that's renowned for its calming and relaxing effects. People have been using valerian root for centuries to reduce feelings of nervousness, tension and to improve sleep. This means that a lot of formulas are too potent for cats and can sedate rather than calm. Pet Remedy sources their oil from Europe, where their valerian plants are grown organically using pig manure as fertiliser. Diffusers deliver a slow, constant release which is gentle on a cat's metabolism, while sprays and wipes are pH neutral and water based. Pet Remedy and other cat-calming products should not be used in place of veterinary treatment. You should always take your pet for a health check-up to rule out illness or disease. Pet Remedy Calming Plug Diffuser Diffusers should be plugged in where cats spend most of their time so the calming solution can slowly release into the surrounding area. Key points: Easy to use. Covers up to 60 m ² (large room). Only 5 watts - cheap to run. Lasts up to 60 days. Refill bottles available. Review Having used this diffuser for a couple of months when tackling aggression between sibling cats - along with several other brands - it's worth noting that Pet Remedy shouldn't be confused with or compared to a pheromone-based diffuser. While both can be used in similar situations as a safe and effective way to reduce stress, they function in different ways and you should choose the product that's most suitable for your cats. Chances are, you won't know what works until you try - and that means giving products enough time to see the full effects. In my experience, Pet Remedy is most likely to benefit nervous or excitable cats; and during periods of increased stress (fireworks, travelling, etc). It's reported to be great for reducing fear and associated behaviours, including hiding and excessive crying. If your kitty is exhibiting problem behaviours on a regular basis, such as urine spraying or using your sofa as a scratch post, it may respond better to pheromones. These mimic the chemicals that cats naturally release to make themselves feel safe and secure within their environment, so there should be less need for territory marking or fighting. This is ONLY a guideline as each cat will respond differently - or in some cases, not at all. Related post:  Best Cat Calming Plug-in Pheromone Diffusers (Tried and Tested) That being said, Pet Remedy diffuser did seem to promote relaxation when placed in the cats' sleeping areas. It didn't stop the fighting and I can't say that I noticed a difference in aggression levels, generally speaking. I'd usually confine the boys to separate rooms after a physical fight, each with a diffuser to help them calm down. Overall, I can live without Pet Remedy, but having a pheromone diffuser has played a crucial role in reducing tension and conflict. Other people claim that Pet Remedy helps in multi-cat homes (where aggression isn't present) simply by creating a more harmonious environment. Customer feedback is positive in regards to value for money with diffusers lasting up to two months, while opinions are mixed on effectiveness. The most negative point seems to be the smell, but this should be expected with essential oils. While there definitely is an earthy, herbal kind of aroma, it's only around the diffuser itself and by no means unpleasant. I happened to find it rather soothing, even if some cats don't! For locations where a plug socket isn't available, you might find the Pet Remedy Atomiser more suitable. Operated by 3x AA batteries, it delivers a metered dose every 30, 60 or 120 minutes. It's suitable for a small 10 m ² room, which is much less than the diffuser and at a significantly higher cost. A 250ml bottle lasts up to 8 weeks and refills are available. ⭐⭐⭐⭐ 4 / 5 Based on 7,000+ Amazon reviews. Pet Remedy Calming Spray The calming spray is great for travel and in the home. Just a couple of squirts is all you need for bedding, cat trees, problem areas (where cats scratch or urinate) and carriers prior to a vet visit . You should avoid spraying directly onto pets so they don't associate the spray with stressful situations. It can be used to aid bonding between cats by spraying a little onto your fingers and gently rubbing around muzzles, under the chin and top of the chest. This helps with scent swapping as well as calming. You can also spray onto harnesses or leads when walking an anxious cat or dog. Key points: Starts to help instantly. Easy to use trigger spray with generous 200ml. Lasts for 2-6 hours depending on the individual pet. Water-based, pH-neutral formula is safe on pets' skin and coat. Can be used in conjunction with plug diffuser. Review I'll be honest and say I'm never without a Pet Remedy spray, even if I don't use it too often. The convenience over a diffuser wins it for me and, as mentioned, most of my plug sockets are taken up by pheromone diffusers. My boys are incredibly skittish and have been known to get hissy with each other, so I'll spritz some Pet Remedy around for an extra level of calm. The most use it's had is during fireworks, and there's a noticeable difference to how quickly they get over the trauma. Simba actually sleeps through the quieter ones! The 200ml bottle is larger than other calming sprays on the market and you don't need much to see the effects. Which will be a relief for some because, yes, it does come with the classic Pet Remedy aroma. It's more pungent than the diffuser when first sprayed, but if it does what it's supposed to then the smell is a small price to pay for happy cats. Customers claim the product works well in conjunction with the Pet Remedy diffuser and is very effective for travelling, settling pets and generally making stressful situations more bearable. For more recommendations, check out these 6 Best Cat Calming Sprays ⭐⭐⭐⭐ 4 / 5 Based on 5,000+ Amazon reviews. Pet Remedy Calming Wipes Wipes are an alternative to Pet Remedy Calming Spray and can be used in the same manner by wiping over bedding, carriers, harnesses; or tying to a basket when travelling. They're also good for use in veterinary clinics and grooming parlours to wipe down surfaces. The main advantage over a spray is that you can rub wipes over your hands before handling a nervous animal, and there's less risk of spooking it than with a spray trigger. Key points: Single use. Eco friendly. Made of viscose and 100% compostable and biodegradable. Review Admittedly, I didn't go out of my way to purchase these calming wipes but got a couple of freebies with the plug diffuser. The individual sachets are handy for carrying around and keep wipes moist for longer than a large pack. As far as wipes go, they're a decent thickness and seemed to do everything the spray does - apart from sending my two wimplings running from the room, which is a bonus. Customers appreciate the portable option and say the wipes are ideal for keeping in cars for travelling and walking pets. ⭐⭐⭐⭐ 4 / 5 Based on 1,000+ Amazon reviews . Pet Remedy Calming Kits Other Pet Remedy offerings include a range of grooming products; massage brush; heat pad; bandanas and calming kits for different situations. Kits are great value for money and come highly recommended. Party Season Survival Kit Keep your pet calm and relaxed during party seasons including Bonfire Night, New Year and other noisy celebrations. Includes: 1 x Plug Diffuser 1 x 15ml Calming Spray 3 x Calming Wipes Extra Value 120 Day Starter Pack This kit contains everything you need to get started and is best value for money. Perfect for settling pets into new homes or environments; stressful situations and anxiety-related behaviours. Includes: 1 x Plug Diffuser with 2 refills. 1 x 75ml Calming Spray 12 x Calming Wipes Calming Kit Another great pack ideal for travelling with pets or testing out products. Includes: 1 x Plug Diffuser 1 x 200ml Calming Spray 1 x Mini Calming Spray 12 x Calming Wipes When it comes down to it, choosing the best Pet Remedy product will depend on a combination of factors including behaviour, situation and circumstances. If you're still unsure then purchasing a kit will give you some options as well as saving a few quid! Information accurate from April 2026 and may be subject to change. Feel free to get in touch if you think this article needs updating. Have you tried Pet Remedy? Which product worked best for your cats? Share your experiences in the comments.

*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases at no cost to you. Recommendations are based on extensive research into products, brands and customer feedback. 8 Best Cat Deterrents for Gardens and Yards: ZeroCat® Repellent Advanced Ultrasonic Cat Deterrent Cowiewie Ultrasonic Animal Repelle nt C&G Urine Stop Spray Cat and Dog Repellent The Big Cheese Cat Stop Scatter Granules Get Off Cat and Dog Repellent Gel Crystals PestBye ® Jet Spray Cat Repellent DIVCHI 3 Pack of Cat Scarers Yukiyi Anti-Cat Scat Mat With Spikes Are you having problems with four-legged invaders? This article covers the best cat deterrents for gardens and yards, with eight effective methods for keeping strays off your property. Hurrah to poop-free lawns, patios, flowerbeds and plants - not forgetting about those sneaky fence hoppers. With these budget-friendly recommendations, getting rid of outdoor cats in a safe and humane manner doesn't have to cost the earth. First things first, how do products actually work? Cat deterrents, while pretty self-explanatory, are used to repel cats and can be used in a variety of situations, both inside and outside of the home. These include: Stopping cats from fouling, digging or generally making a mess of your carefully tended rose beds. Avoiding potential danger such as toxic plants (I'll say here that it's probably easier and safer to remove any poisonous greenery from the house or garden, wherever possible). Clawing furniture or urine marking. Having experienced my own problems with cats urine spraying in the yard and upsetting my resident fur children, I know how frustrating it can be - not to mention the time-consuming (and at times expensive) task of scouring the internet for a cat repellent that works. As territorial creatures, cats will stop at almost nothing to spread their scent around - whether it's peeing in your plant beds, digging up your seedlings or using your patio as a sunbed. As much as I respect and admire all cats, the risk of losing your territory to a horde of furry invaders is very real! Related post:  How to Stop Cats Spraying and Urine Marking Outside Your Home with 8 Tips How to keep cats out of your garden depends on the layout of the garden itself. Is it more lawn than patio? Do you have an enclosed yard? Is it bordered by fence panels or hedges? Are there extensive flowerbeds and plants? Do you have lots of bird feeders? Some outdoor spaces may be easier to protect than others, but the trick is to make your garden as uninviting (to a cat) as possible. Unfortunately, that could mean saying goodbye to wildlife, too. Strays aside, you might have your own resident kitty that you want to keep away from certain areas of the garden without getting the hosepipe out every ten seconds. Kidding - no one should be spraying their cats. If you're facing the same problems as me and don't know where to start, I can take some of the guesswork out for you by listing my 8 best outdoor cat deterrents of 2026. ⭐⭐⭐⭐ ZeroCat Repellent Advanced Ultrasonic Cat Deterrent Unlike spray-based repellents, ZeroCat Repellent doesn't rely on smells or chemicals to discourage cats. Instead, it works on a biological level by exploiting cats' highly sensitive hearing. The device emits targeted ultrasonic frequencies (16-60 kHz) that are uncomfortable for cats but inaudible to humans, making it discreet and non-invasive. Cats use scent and territory memory to decide where to return. When they repeatedly experience an aversive ultrasonic stimulus in a specific area, they quickly learn to avoid it. As there are no chemicals involved, ZeroCat is eco-friendly, pet-safe and suitable for use in gardens, lawns, patios and vegetable patches. Usage Simply place the device in the ground using the stake or mount it on a wall with the included hook. No configuration, no calibration and no maintenance beyond battery replacement. The device covers up to 30 feet with a 110° detection angle, which is more than enough for targeted zones. In larger gardens or areas with multiple access points, using more than one device is recommended. Powered by 3 AA batteries, ZeroCat offers around 6 months of autonomy with continuous day-and-night operation. Rating ⭐⭐⭐⭐ 4 / 5 Based on 100+ website reviews. The repellent receives strong feedback for effectiveness and ease of use. Most users report visible results within the first few days, with some seeing immediate changes in cat behaviour. Ultrasonic repellents can divide opinion, largely because not all devices are calibrated specifically for cats. ZeroCat performs better than generic animal deterrents thanks to its cat-targeted frequency range and responsive PIR sensor. Some cats may test the area once or twice before avoiding it, especially if pheromones are already present. Cleaning the area beforehand significantly improves success by removing scent markers that attract repeat visits. Conclusion While sprays remain one of the cheapest short-term solutions, they require constant reapplication and become costly over time. ZeroCat Repellent works continuously without smells or ongoing purchases and is particularly well suited for gardens and lawns where repeated spraying would be impractical. For larger areas, the cost can add up if multiple units are needed; but the long battery life and proven effectiveness make it a solid long-term investment. ⭐⭐⭐ Cowiewie Ultrasonic Animal Repellent Another ultrasonic option, Cowiewie Animal Repellent emits frequencies of 13.5-45.5 kHz to repel unwanted cats, dogs, foxes, squirrels, rodents, birds and other wildlife without harming them. This gives it a broad range of use, with five adjustable frequency modes according to your specific needs; and the option of flashing LED lights to further startle animals. Compared to other repellents with one speaker, this contains upgraded dual speakers for a greater coverage of ultrasonic waves. It also comes in a pack of two, providing better protection for larger gardens. Usage The Cowiewie Ultrasonic Repellent has a standard ground stake and groove for easy wall mounting. The PIR motion sensor has a coverage angle of 120° and detection distance of 36 feet. Once you've set the correct frequency, you can enjoy a pest-free garden within 1-4 weeks. The device emits a sound that irritates animals while being inaudible to humans, depending on mode. While the cat-specific frequency is inaudible to humans, it's advised that one mode is within the human capacity for hearing and should be used away from living areas. It comes with a solar panel, battery compartment and USB-charging port, offering two cost-effective power options. Rating ⭐⭐⭐ 3 / 5 Based on 300+ Amazon reviews. Cowiewie Ultrasonic Repellent has an above average rating for its sturdy construction and solar charging panel. Some customers complain about the noise, but this may depend on what mode the device is set at. It's generally effective if set to the correct frequency. If you want to use the solar panel but live in a region with cloudy weather, you can station the stake into a plant pot that can be moved around the garden to the most convenient spot. Conclusion Cowiewie Ultrasonic Repellent is designed to keep cats and other animals out of gardens before they become a nuisance - and waterproof, making it more convenient than sprays or granules. Since cats are attracted to wildlife, keeping birds and rodents away will likely mean less four-legged intruders. With two devices in a pack, it's an effective multifunctional product at a budget price - without the need for battery replacement. However, since it's not automatically targeted for cats, it requires some calibratio n. ⭐⭐⭐ C&G Urine Stop Spray Cat and Dog Repellent Marketed as both a cat and dog repellent, the active ingredients in C&G Urine Stop Spray are the same as what you'll find in any cat-specific product. Citrus and lemongrass are common and effective cat repellents due to their fresh scents, and lemongrass acts as an anti-microbial agent. These natural ingredients are paraben-free, making it pet and eco-friendly. Unlike other options, it's suitable for indoor and outdoor use. Urine contains pheromones and is the biggest attractant for cats, so eliminating this temptation may stop them from wanting to pee in your garden. It also helps to reduce other unwanted behaviours such as digging and scratching. Worse-case scenario, you have a house or garden that smells of lemons! Usage For best results, wash areas where there's evidence of territorial marking before application. Once dry, spray C&G Urine Stop liberally over the area. Citrus and geranium oils help to mask any remaining smells, while the deterrent action trains cats away from problem areas. Lemongrass helps to neutralise odours and inhibit the growth of bacteria. It's recommended to respray areas every 2-3 days in order to protect gardens and furniture, as it doesn't have the same lasting effect as chemical cleaners. With a large 500ml bottle, C&G Urine Stop is averagely priced against competitors. Visit Rating ⭐⭐⭐ 3 / 5 Based on 6,000+ Amazon reviews. Most repellent sprays on the market have mixed reviews, which isn't surprising given the nature of cats. Some will turn and run from an offending pong, while more dominant cats will want to remark the area. It's important to remember that sprays aren't designed to remove urine, so it's essential to clean the area first with a strong disinfectant. This method may take some persistence, but it's a safe and humane option for tackling urine problems. Customers find C&G Urine Stop to have a fresh, pleasant aroma - even if cats don't! - and since it's safe to use on furniture, there's no need to worry about damaging your decor. Conclusion While cat repellent sprays are undoubtedly one of the simplest and cheapest solutions, it requires regular spraying and reapplication every time it rains - so for my fellow Brits, not so cheap after all! It will also bump up the cost for larger areas, making it impractical for lawns. I'd suggest using a good spray for targeting areas around doors to keep cats away from the house, particularly if you have any resident kitties. Sprays are more geared towards preventing the spread of urine and work best when applied to hard surfaces such as yards and patios. It's a good first option before investing in more expensive measures, and it's safe to use on a more regular basis if cats are repeatedly visiting an area. ⭐⭐⭐ The Big Cheese Cat Stop Scatter Granules Crystals or granules are designed to mask traces of pheromones in urine with strong, feline-aversive scents. This confuses a cat's sense of smell, training them to move to other areas where there's evidence of territorial marking (fouling or digging). Similar to sprays, The Big Cheese Scatter Granules contain an all-natural blend of plant oils that's safe to use on lawns, soil, gravel and patios without posing a danger to pets or wildlife. Incorporated with biodegradable clay substrate, it naturally degrades without leaving any traces. Usage Choose a dry day to sprinkle the granules evenly over affected areas and repeat every 48 hours or until the problem has ceased. The slow-release formula should last longer than sprays but can be swept away in windy conditions. For granules to be most effective, the area should be cleared of fouling beforehand. One pack treats up to 250m² and it's suitable for outdoor use only. Rating ⭐⭐⭐ 3 / 5 Based on 6,000+ Amazon reviews. Both granules and sprays have the same mixed opinions from users, as well as the downfall of being easily washed away. The smell is less desirable than the citrus that's common in repellent sprays, so it may not be ideal for vegetable patches. These methods are most suitable for spring and summer months when rainfall is lighter. With a large surface area covered by a single pack, The Big Cheese Scatter Granules are a small and worthwhile investment. They're most effective when used correctly and consistently. Conclusion Depending on the area you wish to treat, the main benefit of granules is that they can be applied to pebbled or gravelled spaces and soil, making it an effective urine repellent for lawns, flowerbeds and driveways. With a pet-safe, environmentally-friendly formula that naturally degrades over time, it won't cause any harm to your cats or garden. Using alongside repellent sprays to target different areas of your property offers a cost-effective, short-term solution to unwanted visitors. You can use this product as a standalone shaker or to refill The Big Cheese Granule Applicator . ⭐⭐⭐ Get Off Cat and Dog Repellent Gel Crystals   Get Off Gel Crystals slowly release a strong odour that works in the same manner as granules by interrupting a cat's sense of smell. Over time, they'll be trained to move away from treated areas to those where they can detect evidence of previous scent marking. The ultra-absorbent crystals soak up urine to help remove any lingering traces. The crystals are suitable for use on patios, lawns and gravel; as well as creating a barrier effect for decking, fences, flowerbeds and other perimeters. They're for outdoor use only and, unlike similar products, the pet-safe formula doesn't contain garlic, which can be toxic to cats. Usage As with other deterrent methods, ensure the area is clean and any previous fouling has been removed. Scatter crystals evenly and reapply every 2-3 days as necessary. Due to the gel formula, they're less likely to get blown away than granules. One pack treats up to 72m². Gel crystals are not recommended for applying directly onto flowerbeds due to causing discolouration, and I'm certain you wouldn't want it affecting your vegetables either! Rating ⭐⭐⭐ 3 / 5 Based on 8,000+ Amazon reviews. Get Off Gel Crystals are described as having a potent smell, but it's not always enough to deter cats from problem areas. Like other products, there's also the issue of being dissolved by rain, which may not give products a chance to work properly. Users see most effect when targeting small areas where cats tend to pee or poop. Since crystals are larger than granules, there are less of them for scattering. In some cases, one pack is said to have lasted just a few days. Once cats start to visit the area less frequently, you can reduce the amount of crystals used. Conclusion Whether you opt for crystals or granules will largely depend on your preference and target area. These may not make your garden look or smell pleasant, but that's the purpose of a repellent! You can apply Get Off Gel Crystals to multiple areas, but it may get expensive for larger gardens and lawns. ⭐⭐⭐ PestBye Jet Spray Cat Repellent Not too dissimilar to ultrasonic devices, PestBye Jet Spray Repellent works on a motion sensor to fire a gentle burst of water when triggered by offending animals. Though seemingly cruel upon first impression, as I'm not an advocate of spraying cats myself, this acts as more of a deterrent. The idea being that after one or two sprays, cats will start to avoid the area in a natural learning process. With an adjustable spreading width and sensitivity settings, you don't have to worry about it affecting other pets you might have, such as rabbits or guinea pigs. The immediate burst of water will prevent cats from having a chance to start digging or fouling. Usage PestBye Jet Spray is stake mounted, which is only good for lawns and soiled areas. It requires connection to a garden hose and consumes 2-3 cups of water per activation. This is a small amount and won't cause any harm to animals. The jet spray has a range of up to 10 metres, depending on settings and water pressure; with a spreading width of 120°. You can adjust the jet height and motion sensitivity as desired. The device is powered by 4 AA batteries that last for approximately 3-4 months of continuous use. Visit Rating ⭐⭐⭐ 3 / 5 Based on 4,000+ Amazon reviews. Customers describe PestBye Jet Spray as being a highly-functional and effective deterrent for intruding cats and foxes that works immediately, but the mount must be tightly secured into the ground to prevent toppling. Other downsides include water leakage and having to dodge a squirt if you accidentally walk past the motion sensor. This can be avoided by disconnecting the hose if you're spending time in the garden. Conclusion Jet sprays are undoubtedly the best cat deterrent for lawns, with the minor inconveniences of being permanently attached to a hose and water consumption for the eco-warriors. A slightly more expensive option, this is a long-term investment for preventing the destruction of flowerbeds, plants and vegetable patches. It can also be set up around ponds to protect aquatic life from cats, birds and other wildlife - with no dangerous chemicals or smells. Ensure the unit is drained during winter months to prevent freezing and potentially damaging the unit. ⭐⭐⭐ DIVCHI 3 Pack of Cat Scarers These cat scarers with reflective glass eyes are designed to mimic a cat, sort of like a feline scarecrow to repel other cats, birds, squirrels and foxes. Made from powder-coated metal means they're durable, rust resistant and can potentially last for years; although the most attractive quality has to be the stylish design. With no need for batteries, replacements or reapplications - such as with sprays or granules - cat scarers have the simplest of set ups and can be left in the garden all year around. Usage DIVCHI Cat Scarers can be mounted in lawns with stakes or hung to fences, sheds and branches with the provided hooks. I'd recommend using scarers as a preventative measure by arranging them around flowerbeds, plants and patios - or lining the top of fence panels to physically block off intruding parties. This can be done by nailing through the holes used for stakes. The scarers come in a pack of three to cover multiple zones of your garden. Rating ⭐⭐⭐ 3 / 5 Based on 900+ Amazon reviews. Cat scarers are a safe and non-invasive cat repellent with a fair rating for what they are. They can be installed in a range of different areas, so usage is less limited than other methods. Effectiveness largely depends on the animal, as some cats are more timid than others. In comparison to other deterrents, it's more likely that once cats have approached the scarer, they learn that there are no repercussions for doing so. Most users find the reflective eyes to be more of a deterrent than the silhouettes. Conclusion The DIVCHI Cat Scarers are fairly inexpensive, with a decent rating for what are essentially garden statues. However, you may need a lot of them to cover larger areas. If they don't scare away furry intruders then, at the very least, they make a cute piece of decor! ⭐⭐⭐⭐ Yukiyi Anti-Cat Scat Mat With Spikes These spiked mats look scary at first glance but are perfectly safe and will cause no harm to animals. Made from polypropylene plastic, this prickle strip is designed to irritate paws to deter from digging, scratching or approaching the area you want to protect. It's unlikely that cats will attempt to navigate or cross over a mat, thus choosing somewhere more convenient to pee or poop. The Yukiyi Anti-Cat Scat Mat is durable and flexible and can be applied to a range of surfaces, including trees to prevent animals from climbing. It's suitable for both indoor and outdoor use. Usage The scat mat is simply applied over the desired area and fixed in place with the provided pegs, making it ideal for protecting plants, flowerbeds, vegetable patches, lawn perimeters and anywhere you want to prevent cats from hanging out. The prickle strip comes in a continuous 2-metre roll that can be cut into different lengths or sizes according to requirements, making it more convenient than small individual sheets. It can also be laid on hard surfaces in front of doors and gates by weighing down the ends with bricks or stones. For protecting fences, the Prikkastrip Eco Fence Wall Spikes can be affixed to the top of fence panels as a further deterrent, while staying in compliance with anti-climb security laws to prevent injury or pain to animals (and humans - but that's another topic!). Rating ⭐⭐⭐⭐ 4 / 5 Based on 600+ Amazon reviews. The Yukiyi Scat Mat has an impressive rating with the potential to be an effective multifunctional product. It's commonly used to prevent cats and squirrels from digging in plant pots and soiled areas. The mat is reported to be easy to install, without being swept away by windy conditions. Conclusion While prickle mats can be used in a variety of situations, they're also a pricier option as you're paying per roll. If you have a large garden then it could soon add up; but once they're in place, there's no need for maintenance. To save money, use in combination with other deterrents or limit to those hard-to-reach places. Shop pet supplies → Summary Use this quick comparison guide to round up the most important points of each cat deterrent and find a solution that works best for you (and your garden!). Urine repellent sprays: A cheap, quick-fix solution for hard surfaces such as patios, yards and doors. Requires regular application. Scatter crystals/granules: Value for money and a long-lasting solution for soil and gravel. Similar to sprays, these are easily washed away. Ultrasonic devices: Safe and effective with various settings to target different animals. Needs to be mounted or hung. Jet sprays: Highly effective and best for larger gardens or lawns. Needs to be attached to a hose and you may get splattered! Cat scarers: More for show and less effective than other products, but a great physical blockade for fences or flowerbeds. Prickle mats: Best used for blocking off small areas including plants or flowerbeds, fences and gates. Could be costly for larger gardens. Information accurate from March 2026 and may be subject to change. Feel free to get in touch if you think this article needs updating. Have you tried any of these outdoor cat deterrents with any luck? Do you think something missed the list? Let us know in the comments if you have any recommendations of your own.

*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases at no cost to you. In this article: Benefits of Keeping Cats Indoors Is It Cruel to Keep Indoor Cats? Do Indoor Cats Need Vaccinating? Best Cat Breeds for Indoor Living Age and Backgroun d More Environment Essential Resources Exercise and Play Outdoor Spaces Summary Benefits of Keeping Cats Indoors Keeping indoor cats is a huge topic of debate, and people are quick to judge without considering the reasons for doing so or the potential benefits. Everyone has an opinion, especially since the rise of social media made it so easy to hide behind a screen. If you search for advice from cat charities and shelters, you'll find that opinions are just as mixed. Some organisations, such as Blue Cross , don't rehome cats to homes where they must live indoors unless they have a health condition that prevents them from going outside; while others make decisions on a case-by-case basis. Cats Protection recommend keeping cats indoors if they're rehomed near to a main road, for example. There's no denying the benefits of letting cats experience the great outdoors, but it also comes with a lot of dangers. Here are some reasons why people might decide to keep their cats indoors: Avoiding traffic accidents - approximately 230,000 cats get hit by cars in the UK every year. This happened to my black and white cat, Barney - on my birthday, of all days - so I can understand other parents not wanting to go through the same trauma. Theft - it's estimated that around 360,000 cats go missing or are stolen annually in the UK. Where's Liam Neeson when you need him? Unplanned pregnancies - prevents cats, especially unneutered males, from roaming to find a mate and adding to the hundreds of millions of stray cats roaming the streets. Injury - removes the opportunity to bump into other cats and get into fights or bring aggression back to the home. Abuse - sadly, humans are one of a cat's largest threats with acts of cruelty such as physical violence, poison, traps and shooting in some countries. Disease - less chance of cats picking up contagious diseases and parasites. Another major advantage of keeping cats indoors, although not for the cats themselves, is to protect wildlife and endangered species. Again, some will agree with this and others would argue that it's in a cat's nature to hunt. Either way, we can't blame a cat for indulging in its natural instincts. Let's explore in further detail the life of an indoor cat and address some common concerns about how to keep them happy, healthy and encourage natural behaviours. Is It Cruel to Keep Indoor Cats? Do I agree with indoor cats? Yes, I have two of them myself! Isn't it cruel to lock them inside, away from their natural habitat where they have the freedom to hunt and explore? That depends on several factors. Indoor cats can and do live very fulfilling lives, but you should be willing to make a few changes to your home - and even your routine - to provide them with all the stimulation and enrichment they need. This is even more important if you don't have much space to work with, such as a one-bed apartment. That's not to say cats will suffer in these conditions, IF you follow the advice in this article. Cramming multiple cats into a tiny space without essential resources, going out to work all day and binge watching reality TV instead of scheduling playtime with your kitty is going to cause problems in the long-run. What's the point in owning a pet in the first place, if not for companionship? Resources extend way beyond food, water and litter trays - how would you like to live with nothing but the bare necessities of life? Sisal Scratcher Bed with foamboard padding and toy ball. Natural sisal distracts cats from furniture and carpets so they can happily scratch, play and nap. I would never recommend keeping a cat indoors unless it's necessary or unavoidable, but there are many things you can do to find a healthy balance. Catios and other outdoor enclosures are a growing trend, as much as it pains me to use the word - we're not talking about fashion here! These will be discussed a little further on. There are some things to be mindful of with indoor cats, as they're more prone to conditions such as urinary tract disease, obesity, diabetes, hyperthyroidism and behavioural problems. These risks can be lowered by providing a cat-friendly environment and species-appropriate diet. Do Indoor Cats Need Vaccinating? Outside has a habit of getting inside, so regardless of where your cat hangs out, it's always vulnerable to germs and diseases. Vaccinations and boosters will help to prevent your kitty from picking anything up. For this reason, it's also important to stay on top of flea and worming treatments, especially as fleas can be transported on clothing or if you visit the homes of other feline-loving friends. In the event of a cat escaping, you should strongly consider getting them desexed . As well as preventing unplanned pregnancy, there are numerous health and behavioural benefits. UK laws also state that cat owners in England must get their cats microchipped. Wherever you live, any responsible owner who cares about the wellbeing of their cats would get them microchipped in case he or she goes missing. Related post: 11 Essential Tips Every New Cat Owner Should Know   Petlicity Cat Massaging and Scratching Arch is made for self-grooming with soft plastic bristles to reduce matting and hairballs. The base has a compartment that can be filled with catnip. Best Cat Breeds for Indoor Living As an advocate for the "adopt don't shop" mantre, choosing cats for their breed over the thousands of unwanted and abandoned kitties needing a home doesn't sit well with me - and I'd say the same with any pet. Which raises another important point: cats that have been sentenced to life in a shelter are unlikely to experience the great outdoors either way. At least a home environment offers the love, care, attention and security that every cat deserves. I've been adopting for as long as I can remember but, as some cat breeds are better suited for indoor living, it's worth mentioning as a factor. British Shorthairs and Persians are known for their gentle, easy-going temperaments. The British Shorthair is extremely adaptable, probably due to its non-demanding nature, while being sociable at the same time. Other friendly breeds include Ragdolls , which as the name suggests, are known for their love of cuddles; and Russian Blues , although they can be shy around strangers - another reason why they might be content to live indoors. Xemz Interactive Feather Cat Toy features a rotating feather that randomly pops out of the holes at different time intervals. The toy starts when cats pass the infrared sensor and has an auto shut-off time of 5 minutes. Ragdolls, along with Scottish Folds and Sphynx cats, are highly affectionate and enjoy the company of humans. As Sphynx's are hairless, they also get a little chilly outdoors! The Devon Rex is not only sociable but low maintenance, too. Siamese cats are known for their intelligent and curious natures so are less likely to get bored, although they can be a tad demanding - especially when in competition with other cats. Cats that enjoy play and other interactions also make great indoor companions: Siamese, Scottish Fold, Sphynx and Devon Rex will love bonding time with their guardians. Visit A cat's nature when living alone may differ when placed with other felines, so you also need to consider how many cats you want to bring into the home; as well as any existing pets you have. The Bengal may look like something fresh out of a jungle - and will probably eat the family hamster - but it'll be eager to make buddies with other kitty playmates. While breed is a factor, every cat is unique with his or her own personality. If you plan on adopting more than one cat, it's best to choose sibling or bonded cats rather than an unfamiliar pair that might not get along. I recommend doing your own research and consulting with experienced breeders, shelters or your local vet before making a decision. Age and Background A cat's age can also affect indoor suitability: for example, senior cats will be less physically active and require less stimulation than a young cat or kitten. If adopting a senior cat, just giving it a warm and loving home can make all the difference in its final years. Kittens, on the other hand, are balloons of energy waiting to burst. It's essential that they have multiple ways of burning it off and an ability to explore their environment, even if that means running up and down the stairs or looking out of a window. They can also annoy older cats, which I've experienced myself many years ago. Cats who've previously lived outside with the freedom to explore may not cope well with confinement to an indoor space, which could lead to behavioural problems. When adopting a cat, be sure to ask about its history and background to check that it's a good match for your situation and lifestyle. Environment Space As humans, we know that environment matters. You only have to look at how much people spend on their homes, from large renovations to the finer details. Yes, I am talking about the overpopulation of scatter cushions and candles! We want our homes to be a place of zen, a safe space; somewhere we can relax at the end of the day. Cats aren't bothered about cushions and candles, but they do have their own requirements - and that includes privacy. Cats weren't built to be cooped up indoors, so the hustle and bustle of daily life can be highly stressful. Humans clomping up and down the stairs with their giant feet, doors slamming, pots and pans clanging in the kitchen, screaming kids.... If your cat spends a lot of time hiding then it probably needs quiet and solitude. Felines are prone to stress which can trigger anxiety, depression and behavioural issues such as aggression . It can also cause physical symptoms like stress-induced cystitis and loss of appetite, which can be life-threatening in animals. They're a lot smaller than us and once they stop eating, it becomes harder and harder to reverse damage to the body. Pheromone diffusers and sprays are a natural, drug-free way to reduce stress by making cats feel safe and relaxed in their environment. For more tips and advice on a holistic approach to kitty health, here's some essential reading: Holistic Cat Care: Natural Support for Feline Health and Wellbeing Comfort Zone Plug-In Pheromone Diffuser for single or multi-cat homes. Creates a calm, relaxing environment to help reduce stress and other problem behaviours, as well as tension and fighting between household cats. Natural Light Cats have crepuscular sleep cycles, which means they're most active at dawn and dusk. If you've ever wondered why your cat likes to run around in the early hours, this is optimal hunting time! While it may be annoying for parents, this natural routine can help with mood and behavioural problems. If cats become too disruptive during these hours, you can leave out an interactive toy for them to play with or set up an automatic feeder - less stress for kitty and more rest for you! Exposure to sunlight not only helps to regulate a cat's sleep cycle, but it's as rejuvenating for them as it is for humans. You can aid this by opening curtains, using natural light bulbs and opening windows for a fresh air flow. To prevent cats from escaping, use a pet-proof lock or screen. Cleaners and Fragrances The chemicals found in domestic cleaners can be harmful to a cat's health, including but not limited to: disinfectants, bleach, bathroom cleaners and stain removers. Any of these can irritate the eyes, skin and respiratory tract - or worse if substances are ingested. I recommend using pet-safe or natural cleaners and avoiding synthetic fragrances like air fresheners. So too, scented candles and diffusers that contain essential oils can leave residues on a cat's fur, which they might lick off while grooming. Cats have an incredible sense of smell, so any kind of fragrance is likely to be overpowering to their sensitive noses. Discover more household dangers in this detailed post: 8 Common Household Items That Are Dangerous or Toxic to Cats Essential Resources Bedding Cats enjoy cosying up and will choose their sleeping areas based on how safe they feel. Whether that's on the sofa amongst humans, at the top of a cat tree or the darkness of underbed spaces. It's unusual to find a sleeping cat in the middle of a floor unless they're exhausted from a play session or REALLY comfortable in their environment. Related post: 10 Best Types of Cat Beds A heavy sleep isn't the same as a cat nap, where you might see kitty sitting upright with its eyes closed - maybe even snoring - but they're still aware of their surroundings, as demonstrated by a swivelling ear now and then. This is a resting state, similar to a computer in sleep mode that pings alert with the click of a button. Shop Pet Furniture → Due to a cat's strong survival instinct, they require plenty of energy to hunt and escape predators. This is why cat trees are an essential part of their territory: the higher they are, they less vulnerable they are to attack. It also puts them out of the way of human traffic, but some cats require a little more privacy. Cat trees with built-in condos; standalone huts, tents and even upturned boxes with a blanket or cushion inside will be greatly appreciated by your kitty. For extra timid cats, sleeping areas should be provided in a quiet area or private room so they can withdraw when necessary. When bringing a new addition into the home, offer a variety of bedding and let it choose its favourite spot. Feandrea Large Cat Tree Tower provides height, space and enrichment. Stands at 143cm tall and features 2 perches, a condo, hammock and multiple scratching posts. If cats are happy to share a bed with their human companions, it means they find your scent comforting which is a huge sign of trust and affection. Scent and familiarity are vital to a cat's sense of security, so it's wise to keep a few used blankets handy when it comes to washing bedding or introducing cats to a new home. Multi-cat households should have separate sleeping areas available for each cat. While they won't necessarily stick to their own beds, as cats like to spread themselves around, it'll help to limit territorial behaviour by having more than one option. Related post: Small Cat Tree Stands and Towers for All Cats (Tried and Tested) Food and Water A designated feeding area and scheduled mealtimes help to satisfy a kitty's need for routine. Cats have impeccable body clocks and will do regular sweeps of the home to check everything is accessible and in its rightful place, which can be amusing to watch. You should also consider the type of food you want to feed your cat. No matter how much stimulation you provide, an indoor kitty is never going to be as active as their outdoor counterparts. Dry food or kibble is packed with carbohydrates and generally less nutritious than wet or fresh food , but this depends on your cat's preferences and budget. Related post: The Truth About Commercial Cat Food: What Really Goes into Your Pet's Food? Shop Premium Cat Food → Get 20% off your first order over £20 Code: CATMUMJOURNAL20 A moisture-rich, high-protein and low-carbohydrate diet is essential for all felines. Foods that claim to be tailored to indoor cats are little more than a marketing tactic with a high price tag, which you can learn more about here: 5 Indoor Cat Foods Rated: Are They Really Worth it? It's not always the easiest thing to transition a cat to new food , especially if it's used to a particular type or brand; but the long-term health benefits are worth the time and effort. Some cats prefer to have their food and water stations separate; and as clean water should always be available, offering multiple bowls around the home will encourage them to keep up their water intake. Shop smart fountains and automatic feeders → Pet fountains are highly recommended - not only do they ensure a fresh and running supply of water, but they can be a source of enrichment for your indoor cat. For multi-cat households, a variety of food and water stations may help to avoid unnecessary squabbling. FOFNON Stainless Steel Cat Water Fountain  is resistant to corrosion and uses multiple filtration systems to purify water. It features a tap for stimulating natural water flow and holds enough for adult cats to use for 8-12 days. Litter Trays As another vital resource, the general rule for litter trays is one per household cat, plus one extra. This can seem excessive, but using the toilet puts cats in a vulnerable position. Lidded or hooded trays aren't recommended for multi-cat homes as they restrict a cat's vision and may cause territorial disputes around the entrance. Not only that, but smells can build up inside and deter cats from using it. This isn't always the case, and if your cat prefers an enclosed box then keep it as it is. However, if problems occur then try switching it for an open or high-sided tray. Whatever style you decide on, regular scooping will keep cats happy and is more hygienic for your home in general; as well as choosing the right type of litter . Trays should be placed away from high traffic areas. Related post: Where to Put a Cat's Food and Water Bowls, Litter Tray, Bedding and Other Essential Resources Exercise and Play Just like humans, cats need regular exercise to maintain their physical, mental and emotional health. Exercise helps to prevent obesity, improve mobility and muscle tone; promote healthy digestion and much more. Burning off excess energy can also reduce anxiety and conflict between household cats. Related post: How to Exercise Obese Cats for Weight Loss The easiest way to achieve this for indoor cats is through play , with a variety of toys to st imulate the mind as well as the body. Interactive toys , food puzzles and enrichment are great boredom breakers for when you're absent or unavailable. Catit Play Treat Puzzle Slow Feeder has 6 fun activities that stimulate cats to work for their food. Place treats or kibble in the different sections to encourage natural hunting instincts and foraging. Cats can be kept active with climbing areas including cat trees, wall-mounted shelving, ramps, ladders, boxes and tunnels. Scratch posts and mats allow cats to sharpen their claws, work their muscles, stretch their bodies and leave territorial markings - this is completely normal behaviour and should be encouraged. How much exercise a cat needs will depend on their age, breed and activity levels. As a minimum, 30 minutes broken up into 10-minute sessions will make the most out of their short spurts of energy and prevent them from getting bored. Related post: 12 Types of Cat Toys and Games for All Cats to Play Remember too that indoor cats tend to spend more time sleeping and grooming than active outdoor cats. This can make their digestive systems a little sluggish, increasing the build-up of hairballs. Regular brushing   can help to combat this problem, especially for the long-haired kitties. Outdoor Spaces If you decide to let your kitty outside to feel the breeze in its whiskers, be sure to provide them with a safe and escape-proof space or use a harness if they're trained. Being outdoors for the first time can be scary and overwhelming, and they won't be as alert to dangers or threats as an experienced explorer. Related post: How to Harness Train Cats for Walking on a Leash Safely Cat proofing a garden depends on the design and layout of the area, but below are a few ideas for inspiration. Use high fences or mesh netting to section off areas, such as a yard or patio. This may require some DIY skills. Install cat-proof fencing, which is constructed from wire mesh and brackets that are fixed to the top of fence panels at a sloped angle that makes it difficult for cats to grip onto or jump over. Build a catio - a secure enclosure that fits around a door or window so cats can come and go as they please. Other outdoor enclosures. If you have the space and it's within your budget, I recommend checking out Omlet  for some great customisable cat enclosures, including balcony designs for apartment dwellers. Allowing access to outdoor space, however small, while keeping cats safe is giving them the best of both worlds. You can even kit out your catio with shelving, ramps and pet-safe plants for the complete jungle experience. Visit If this isn't a viable option, window hammocks are a great alternative. Setting up a couple of bird feeders outside will provide your cat with lots of entertainment and a change of scenery. Whatever you decide, make sure there's a shaded area, fresh water and shelter from the elements. This could be an outdoor cat hut, dog kennel or a simple box covered by a waterproof sheet. PREFUNY Folding Cat Window Hammock has a stainless steel frame with a weight-bearing capacity of 18kg. It's suitable for all seasons with soft wool on one side and breathable silk on the other. Summary Not only is it of the utmost importance to ensure the physical, mental and emotional wellbeing of your furries, it's actually a legal requirement in the UK. The Animal Welfare (England and Wales) Act 2006 and Animal Health and Welfare (Scotland) Act 2006 places a duty of care on pet owners to ensure that all domestic animals have their welfare needs met. A pet’s requirements will depend on their species, but your cat has a legal right to: Live in a suitable environment Eat a suitable diet. Exhibit normal behaviour patterns. Be housed with or apart from other animals. Be protected from pain, suffering, injury and disease These regulations shouldn't be standard conditions but, rather, minimum guidelines. Going above and beyond for your furries gives them a better chance of living a happy, healthy, comfortable and pain-free life - or as much as is possible for a domestic animal. Mentioned Products FONFON Stainless Steel Cat Water Fountain PEFUNY Folding Cat Window Perch Take this quick poll or comment to share your opinion!

Welcome to your dedicated savings page! As an affiliate for some great pet care brands, I'm fortunate to get an early look at upcoming sales, discounts, offers and exclusive deals. I created this space as a quick and easy way to share this information, as I'm not a fan of spammy promotional emails - but I do love saving money! Below you'll find discounts, coupon codes and more from large and small brands like zooplus, Aosom, Petlibro, KatKin and others. Remember to check back regularly so you don't miss out on updates, and you can subscribe for new post alerts. You can also check out my eBay storefront for product recommendations and popular picks. I may receive a small affiliate commission on purchases made through these links, at no cost to you. Featured Promotions Aosom Edgard & Cooper KatKin Omlet Petlibro Temu zooplus *I am not responsible for any invalid codes or offers. Aosom Save on pet furniture! Sorry, no featured deals - check back soon! Edgard & Cooper Save on premium cat and dog food! Exclusive Code Get 20% off your first order over £20 with code:   CATMUMJOURNAL20 Click to visit site → KatKin Save on fresh cat food! Trial Box Get 20% off your 14-day trial box.   Limited promotion. Click to view offer → Scoop Litter Try scoop litter with 50% off.   Limited promotion. Click to view products → Omlet Save on catios, cat trees, scratch posts, beds and other pet essentials! No featured deals - check back soon! Petlibro Save on smart pet care, fountains and automatic feeders! Luma Smart Litter Box Get 12% off with code: LUMA12 Valid until 15th April. Click to view product → Exclusive Codes Get 18% off all standalone products with code: PLAFF18 Valid until 31st December 2026. Click to view products → Get 20% off all product bundles with code: PLAFF20 Valid until 31st December 2026. Click to view bundles → Temu Save on cat toys, bedding, scratchers and other pet supplies! New User Offer Get 30% off orders over £39 with code: UKNEW30 *Capped at £25  Click to activate offer → 100 Coupon Bundle Bundle of 100 coupons. Valid until 23:59 of the next day. Click to activate coupons → Zooplus Save on pet supplies! New Customers Get 10% off orders over £39 with code: ZP-AF-10 Valid until 30th April. Click to visit site → Get 25% off Purina ONE cat food with code: WELCOMEONE Valid until 30th April. Click to view products  → Get 25% off Gourmet cat products with code: WELCOMEGOURMET Valid until 30th April. Click to view products  → Get 25% off Felix cat products with code: WELCOMEFELIX Valid until 30th April. Click to view products  → Get 15% off zooplus Originals with code:  ZP-ORIGINALS15   Valid until 30th April. Click to view products → Clearance Sale Various reductions on cat products.   Limited time only. Click to view products → Cat Product Reductions Various reductions on cat products.   Limited time only. Click to view products → Cat Food Reductions Various reductions on cat food.   Limited time only. Click to view products → Want to keep up to date with special offers? You can now follow me on Ko-fi and become a member for exclusive perks. *Disclaimer: I am not being paid to promote any of the products or brands mentioned on this page. However, I may receive a small commission if you purchase through these links, at no cost to you. This helps with the upkeep of my blog (and the occasional treat for my fur children) for which we're truly grateful!

*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases at no cost to you. This article is based on extensive research into products, brands and customer feedback. 5 Rated Indoor Cat Foods: Royal Canin Indoor 27 Dry Cat Food Purina ONE Indoor Formula Dry Cat Food (Turkey) IAMS Advanced Nutrition Indoor Dry Cat Food (Chicken) Kattovit Vital Care Indoor Wet Cat Food (Chicken) Royal Canin Indoor Sterilised in Gravy Indoor cat food is one of the newer additions to specialist diets, but what does this actually mean? More importantly, is it worth paying potentially more money? This isn't one of those "best cat food" articles - let's face it, pet food manufacturers are less than transparent about their recipes. We often have no idea what we're purchasing, even when the ingredients list reads like a novel. Cat food labels can be difficult to understand, leading parents to grab whatever is advertised as the most suitable option for their cat. Food is any living creature's most basic need, so if you're going to invest in something then this should be it. The question is, what are you investing in: quality nutrition or marketing tactic? Visit As an advocate of fresh food for cats, and if it's within your budget, I wholeheartedly recommend it over commercial foods on the basis that it's shown to alleviate most of the issues mentioned in this article and prevent long-term conditions that go unseen. By closely replicating what cats would eat in the wild - also known as a prey-model diet that consists of meat, organs and bone - fresh food companies are worth the investment for happier, healthier cats. Learn more in this informative post: Fresh Raw and Cooked Cat Food: Tailor-Made Nutrition Sent to Your Door! What Is Indoor Cat Food? As a parent of two indoor cats , I've spent a lot of time researching all of the ways to enrich their lives and keep them active. Which isn't to say that just because cats live indoors means they're going to be inactive , although this is often the case. Even energetic cats that have access to outdoor space will move significantly less than if they were able to run free, climb, hunt and explore the wilderness. A sedentary lifestyle leaves more time for sleeping (lack of exercise); eating (obesity/weight gain) and lengthy grooming sessions (hairball formation and vomiting). A sluggish digestive system and sub-par diet can also contribute to those loose, stinky poops that gas the house out! Diets that have been adapted to the requirements of indoor living target three main areas: Weight management. Hairball control. Easy digestion. To further understand how this differs to standard wet or dry food, let's take a look at five brands available in the UK. It's important to note that specialist formulas may have adjusted vitamin and mineral contents, but ingredients will be the focus here. Indoor Cat Foods *Pet foods sold or manufactured in the UK may differ to other countries due to regulations and other factors. Always check ingredients and use your own discernment. Royal Canin Indoor 27 Dry Cat Food Royal Canin is probably most well known for its specialist diets that address specific health issues for cats of all ages and breeds. Amongst their extensive range you'll find wet and dry food that's tailored to support urinary, renal, diabetic, digestive and gastrointestinal health. For this reason, it's highly recommended by vets and considered a premium brand, as reflected in the pricing. However, opinions are mixed on the quality of ingredients. Royal Canin uses a lot of grains and unspecified animal by-products, and the exact nutritional percentages appear to be top secret. Cat food should have minimal grains, if any at all, as they're packed with carbohydrates - exactly what we don't need when tackling or preventing obesity. Claims Royal Canin Indoor 27 has been specially formulated to meet the nutritional needs of indoor cats aged 1-7 years with the following benefits: Reduces stool volume and odour with highly digestible L.I.P proteins. Helps to maintain an ideal weight with moderate fat content. Minimises furball build-up with natural fibres to regulate digestion. Aids urinary tract health with adapted mineral content for an ideal pH value in the urine. Improves dental hygiene by reducing the build-up of tartar. Supports natural immunity with an antioxidant complex and vitamin E. Other varieties of Royal Canin Indoor include 7+, Long Hair and Appetite Control. Ingredients Poultry protein (dried), rice, wheat, maize, vegetable protein isolate*, animal fat, animal protein (hydrolysed), wheat flour, lignocellulose, dried beet pulp, yeast and its derivatives, soya oil, minerals, fructo-oligosaccharides, fish oil, psyllium (seeds and husks: 0.5%). Additives (per kg): NUTRITIONAL: Vitamin A (13,500 IU), vitamin D3 (700 IU), E1 [iron] (42mg), E2 [iodine] (4.2mg), E4 [copper] (13mg), E5 [manganese] (55mg), E6 [zinc] (164mg), E8 [selenium] (0.09mg). TECHNOLOGICAL : Clinoptilolite from sedimentary sources (10g), preservatives, antioxidants. Analytical Constituents Dry Matter Basis Protein: 27% Protein: 28.57% Fat: 13% Fat: 13.75% Fibre: 4% Fibre: 4.23% Ash: 7% Ash: 7.40% Moisture: 5.5% Carbohydrates: 46.05% *DMB = Percentages with moisture removed for a more accurate representation. The first red flag here is that the ingredients list tells us very little, so we'll have to work with what we've got. While dried poultry protein is the primary ingredient, the exact percentage is a mystery; and it's followed by a string of grains and vegetables that contribute to the exceedingly high carbohydrate count. I'd expect to see a much lower number for indoor cats, but this could be to make up for the reduced fat as an energy source. Dried beet pulp is often used to boost fibre intake. "Animal fat" and "animal protein" leaves us guessing in regards to the sources, but it's still preferable to plant-based ingredients. Unfortunately, Royal Canin Indoor 27 has the lowest amount of protein (28.57% DMB) across all products mentioned - and a lot of that is cereal. It also contains artificial additives and preservatives. What Customers Say The general customer experience is positive in regards to cats enjoying the taste of food, which could be down to flavour enhancers that are used to make it more palatable. Junk food is as addictive to cats as it is to humans! Some mention that it reduces litter odour and cats have shinier coats. Opinions on digestibility are mixed, with some owners claiming that it caused vomiting and diarrhoea. I definitely wouldn't recommend this for cats that are overweight due to the carbohydrate content. Before I knew anything about feline nutrition, I tried Simba on a few varieties of Royal Canin because it was the only brand he'd eat as a kitten. It did nothing for his waistline, even with reduced calories, and his poops were hard as bullets. With carbohydrates at a whopping 46.05% - almost half of the total food - Royal Canin should rebrand itself as "Royal Cereal". Royal Canin Indoor 27 is on the pricier side and not always available in supermarkets, thankfully. ✓ Dried poultry protein as the main ingredient. ✕ Rice, wheat and maize as primary ingredients. ✓ Animal fat and fish oil. ✕   High in carbohydrates. ✓ Urinary health. ✕   Contains preservatives. ✕   Expensive. Purina ONE Indoor Formula Dry Cat Food (Turkey) Purina is one of the largest companies in the cat food industry and owns some of the most well-known brands in the UK: Felix, Go-Cat, Gourmet and others. Purina is considered mid-to-premium quality, depending on the brand and type of food, as some are made with better ingredients than others. PRO PLAN Veterinary Diets is Purina's line of prescription diets for specific health needs including dental health, urinary care, diabetes, gastrointestinal issues and allergies. Purina's Indoor Formula falls under the Purina ONE brand. From Purina website: " Combining years of pet care innovation from our leading nutritional experts, the PURINA ONE cat food range is prepared with tasty, high-quality ingredients and provides advanced nutrition that helps support your cat's health today and tomorrow .” Visit Claims Purina ONE Indoor Formula is especially formulated to provide the right balance of nutrients for indoor cats. Turkey is the number one ingredient, a high-quality meat protein source that's light and easy to digest; while Bifensis Dual Defence formula supports a cat's natural defences to keep them healthy from the inside out. A mix of natural fibres makes sure any swallowed hair is easily transported through the digestive system. According to Purina research, their Indoor Formula has been scientifically proven to: Reduce hairball formation by eliminating twice as much hair from the stomach in 14 days. Contributes to firm stools with 24% less odour in 14 days. Other benefits: Maintains lean and healthy muscles due to adapted protein-to-fat ratio. Contains chicory to improve gut microbiome balance and reduce litter box pongs. Supports healthy skin and a glossy coat with omega fatty acids and zinc. Promotes a healthy urinary tract with balanced minerals. Free from artificial additives.   Ingredients Turkey (17%) (including bone, meat, skin), wheat (16%), dried poultry protein, corn, soya meal, wheat gluten, corn protein meal, animal fats, dried beet pulp, dried vegetable fiber, dried chicory root (2%), minerals, digest (with added heat treated Lactobacillus Delbrueckii and Fermentum powder 0.025%), Yeasts. Additives (per kg): NUTRITIONAL : Vitamin A (33500 IU), vitamin D3 (1100 IU), vitamin E (400 IU), vitamin C (140mg), taurine (700mg), iron (II) sulphate monohydrate (Fe: 110), calcium iodate anhydrous (I: 1.7), copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate (Cu: 11), manganous sulphate monohydrate (Mn: 41), zinc sulphate monohydrate (Zn: 100), sodium selenite (Se:0.12), antioxidants. Analytical Constituents Dry Matter Basis Protein: 36% Protein: 39.13% Fat: 13% Fat: 14.13% Fibre: 5.5% Fibre: 5.97% Ash: 8% Ash: 8.69% Moisture: 8% Carbohydrates: 32.08% It's always good to see animal protein at the top of an ingredient list, even better with labelled sources of meat and by-products. Turkey makes up 17% of the total food, with an unspecified amount of dried poultry protein. It's disappointing to see soya meal, wheat gluten and corn protein meal as cheap protein substitutes, but at least they're not the first ingredients. This indoor formula contains whole grains, which are more nutritious than refined grains but can be less digestible. However, there are much healthier whole grains than corn - and the rest are refined anyway, so "whole grains" are barely worth mentioning. There are also a few vegetable-based ingredients thrown in, but since the food is tailored to indoor cats, it can help to increase fibre intake. The carbohydrate content is much less than Royal Canin and it has more protein (39.13% DMB) - of which not all is good, but the animal sources appear to be better quality. For a more premium brand, there should be a lot less fillers. What Customers Say Feedback is mostly positive, with customers mentioning that their cats returned to or maintained a healthy weight. Cats seem to enjoy the taste and appreciate the small kibble pieces. It's said to be easy on the stomach and reduces hairballs. Like a lot of specialist diets, customers complain that Purina ONE Indoor Formula is becoming harder to find in stores and is expensive for what it is. ✓   Turkey (bone, meat and skin) as the main ingredient. ✕   Wheat, corn and soya meal as primary ingredients. ✓   Dried poultry protein. ✕   Wheat gluten and corn protein meal. ✓   Animal fat. ✕   High in carbohydrates. ✓   Urinary care and gut health. IAMS Advanced Nutrition Indoor Dry Cat Food (Chicken) IAMS prides itself on providing tailored nutrition for cats' individual needs by crafting recipes for specific life stages and activity levels. IAMS is more budget-friendly and opinions are mixed on the quality of ingredients. Their range includes IAMS Naturally, which focuses on highly digestible ingredients; IAMS Delights, a variety of rich food that combines high-protein levels and a great taste; and Advanced Nutrition for addressing a cat's specific requirements. Shop smart fountains and automatic feeders → Claims IAMS Advanced Nutrition Indoor Cat Food (1+ years) is tailored for indoor cats to help with litter odour, hairballs and weight control. Food is wheat-free and made with 88% animal protein * of the total protein value , including fresh chicken; and selected plant and animal ingredients. It's enriched with omega fatty acids, prebiotics to support digestion and antioxidants for a healthy immune system. Other benefits: Helps to maintain a lean and healthy body condition. Supports digestion and prevents hairballs with insoluble fibre that binds to the hair to help it pass through the system. Supports the urinary tract by promoting a lower urine pH. Reduces stool odour with yucca. No fillers, artificial colours, flavours or GMOs. Ingredients Dried chicken and turkey (39%, of which 23% chicken, a natural source of taurine), maize, fresh chicken (10%), millet, dried sugar beet pulp (4.3%), cellulose powder (4.3%), pork fat, chicken sauce, fructo-oligosaccharides (0.68%), fish oil, potassium chloride, yucca (0.025%). Additives (per kg): NUTRITIONAL : Vitamin A (50,000 IU), vitamin D3 (1438 IU), vitamin E (124mg), copper [as cupric sulphate pentahydrate] (7mg), iodine [as potassium iodide] (0.9mg), manganese [as manganous sulphate monohydrate] (32mg), zinc [as zinc oxide] (80mg). Analytical Constituents Dry Matter Basis Protein: 36.5% Protein: 39.67% Fat: 12% Fat: 13.04% Fibre: 6.9% Fibre: 7.5% Ash: 6.4% Ash: 6.95% Moisture: 8% Carbohydrates: 32.84% Interestingly, the protein content (39.67% DMB) is higher than both Purina and Royal Canin. As described, 88% of that value is animal-based - not 88% of the total food - and includes some fresh chicken. Dried chicken and turkey are the main ingredients at 39%, and with 10% fresh chicken on top of that, almost half of the food is meat. By comparison, Purina has 17% turkey and some dried poultry protein; while Royal Canin contains an unknown percentage of dried poultry protein. IAMS also has more fibre and less fat, with a carbohydrate content of 32.84% - only slightly more than Purina. What lets it down for me is maize as the second ingredient, which is just another word for corn. Overall, it would seem as though this product ticks more boxes than its dry food competitors - all at a lower cost. There's no saying whether the meat in IAMS is better or worse quality than others mentioned; however, this wheat-free recipe has minimal grains (despite the "no fillers" claim) and no artificial colours or preservatives. What Customers Say Feedback is generally very positive, with many customers using IAMS Advanced Nutrition Indoor as a more affordable alternative to premium brands. Even fussy cats love the taste, and noticeable health benefits include shinier coats and full tummies with less regular feeding. Opinions are mixed on stomach sensitivity to this food. ✓   Dried chicken and turkey as the main ingredients. ✕   Maize and millet as primary ingredients. ✓   10% fresh chicken. ✓   Pork fat and fish oil. ✓   Contains prebiotics. ✓   No artificial colours, flavours or GMOs. Kattovit Vital Care Indoor Wet Cat Food (Chicken) Kattovit is a less well-known brand in the UK, and one you're unlikely to find in local stores. The family-run business is based in Germany and has over 40 years experience in the production of high-quality animal feed without unnecessary additives. Every recipe has to pass through the critical palates of their own cats to ensure that products combine nutrition with a great taste. Kattovit doesn't provide a huge range of cat food but offers both wet and dry options. Specialist diets are available for a variety of health issues, and their new Vital Care range provides nutrient-rich food for every day care. Varieties include Hair & Skin, Digestive, Sterilised, Anti-Hairball and Indoor. Claims Kattovit Vital Care Indoor with Chicken has been specially created for indoor cats and is characterised by a low-fat content (4%) which helps cats to maintain optimal weight. It has a balanced recipe with all of the vital nutrients and highly digestible ingredients that support your cat's normal metabolism. Other benefits: Balanced formula with vitamins and minerals. Source of taurine for normal vision and cardiac function. Tender pieces of tasty chicken served in a delicious sauce Pre-portioned meals. Ingredients *Analytical constituents of wet food will differ from dry food as they're smaller portions and contain a higher moisture content. For a fairer comparison, please refer to "dry matter basis" charts where percentages are calculated and shown with the moisture removed. Meat and animal by-products (incl. 24% chicken), vegetable by-products, oils and fats, minerals. Additives: NUTRITIONAL: Vitamin A (1.040 IU/kg), vitamin D3 (125 IU/kg), vitamin E [as all-rac-alpha-tocopheryl acetate] (20 mg/kg), iron [as iron(II) sulphate, monohydrate] (40 mg/kg), Zinc [as zinc oxide] (28 mg/kg), Copper [as copper (II) sulphate, pentahydrate] (1.2 mg/kg), Manganese [as manganese (II) sulphate] (1 mg/kg), Iodine [as potassium iodide] (0.6 mg/kg), Taurine (1.000 mg/kg), L-carnitine (50 mg/kg). Analytical Constituents Dry Matter Basis Protein: 8% Protein: 44.44% Fat: 4% Fat: 22.22% Fibre: 0.5% Fibre: 2.77% Ash: 1.5% Ash: 8.33% Moisture: 82% Carbohydrates: 22.24% The main issue with Kattovit is those unspecified by-products, as we have no idea which parts of animals are going into the recipe - apart from 24% chicken in this particular food. We can also see an increase in the total protein value (44.44% DMB) in comparison to kibble. Naturally, wet food has less fibre than dry food due to less fillers (grains and vegetables) which isn't a bad thing. Plus, the higher moisture content is essential for preventing constipation, aiding urinary health and other issues that indoor cats face. It still contains more fibre than a standard wet food pouch. You'll also notice that it has significantly less carbohydrates than dry food, which is a major benefit. This means the fat content is higher, but for a product that's advertised as being low-fat, it's surprisingly higher than competitors. The source of fat is unknown. What Customers Say As this product is part of Kattovit's new Vital Care range, there isn't a lot of feedback to go off; however, their specialist foods are generally well-received by customers, particularly regarding value for money. I have tried their urinary food with Drax, and while he wasn't keen on the taste, it was tolerated by his sensitive stomach. Availability is extremely limited which can lead to high import costs. The best place to purchase Kattovit in the UK is Zooplus where it comes in a little cheaper than similar brands. This may be due to a dip in quality, since the meat is a little more rubbery than what I'm used to. Nevertheless, with such a small selection of indoor cat foods across the UK, it's a good cost-cutting option. ✓  Meat as the main ingredient. ✕   Unspecified by-products, fats and oils. ✓  High protein and moisture content. ✕   Higher fat content than other brands. ✓  24% chicken. Royal Canin Indoor Sterilised in Gravy The wet version of Royal Canin's indoor cat food is available as chunks in gravy or jelly. It's described as a complete wet food for sterilised indoor cats over the age of one year. Claims Royal Canin Indoor Sterilised in Gravy has been specially developed to help cats maintain a healthy weight and support a sluggish digestive system. It also supports urinary health. Tender meaty chunks in a delicious gravy to improve fluid intake. Supports the urinary tract with a tailored mineral content. Contains L-carnitine to boost fat metabolism. Ingredients Meat and animal by-products, grains, vegetable by-products, minerals, oils and fats, yeasts. Additives: NUTRITIONAL: Vitamin D3 (50 IU), iron (2mg), iodine (0.28mg), copper (2.2mg), manganese (0.8mg), zinc (8mg). TECHNOLOGICAL: Clinoptilolite from sedimentary sources (2g). Analytical Constituents Dry Matter Basis Protein: 9.7% Protein: 50% Fat: 3.3% Fat: 17.01% Fibre: 0.9% Fibre: 4.63% Ash: 1.8% Ash: 9.27% Moisture: 80.6% Carbohydrates: 19.09% Unfortunately, Royal Canin is no more transparent about the ingredients used in this product than the dry food variety. Sources of meat, by-products and vegetables are unavailable, and it contains grains as the second ingredient. The only real comparison we have to other brands are the analytical constituents. As you can see from the chart, this wet food has the highest amount of protein and the lowest amount of carbohydrates. It also contains less fat than Kattovit, but does this mean it's the better option? Personally, I struggle to forgive Royal Canin for their lack of transparency regarding meat sourcing. While it's preferable to their dry food, I can't recommend a product when I have no idea what that product is made from. It makes me appreciate Kattovit's 24% chicken a whole lot more! Transparency can add a lot of value to brands, and we shouldn't have to go searching for answers to simple questions. What Customers Say Cats seem to enjoy the taste of Royal Canin Indoor Sterilised in Gravy, and it's reported to be well tolerated by fussy eaters and sensitive stomachs. The price comes up again as an issue for some, and it's not as easy to find in stores as the dry food version. ✓  Meat as the main ingredient. ✕   Mysterious meat source. ✓  High protein and moisture content. ✕   Unspecified by-products, fats and oils. ✓ Less carbohydrates than other brands. ✕   Contains grains. ✓ Urinary health. ✕   Expensive. Summary In regards to the original question: are indoor cat foods worth paying more for? Evidence suggests not! Of course, these are just a few examples. I understand there's a lot more variety depending on region but, hopefully, this article gives some idea of what to look for if you've been scratching your head and are determined to feed your cat an indoor recipe. The only product I'm moderately satisfied with from this list is IAMS Advanced Nutrition Indoor which, ironically, is the budget-friendly option. Price doesn't always reflect quality. Even so, dry foods are not the best option for indoor cats - or any cat, for that matter - which you can read more about here: Cats and Carbohydrates: Is Dry Cat Food Bad for Cats ? Biologically, there's no difference between a cat that lives indoors and one that has outdoor access. Below are some tips for selecting an appropriate diet and caring for indoor cats. Unless your vet has prescribed a urinary diet or your cat is prone to stones, infections and such, the high moisture in wet food should help to maintain urinary tract health. Grains have also been associated with feline lower urinary tract disease, which are more prevalent in kibble. Ingredients and ingredient quality are more important for keeping cats healthy than the claims made on food packaging. Low fat doesn't necessarily mean low carbohydrates, and high protein doesn't always refer to meat. There's no excuse for not exercising your cat with a variety of toys and enrichment . Activity is just as important as diet for weight and/or hairball control, and playing with your cat will cost you nothing but time. Regular grooming is essential for reducing hairballs, along with a diet high in fibre. Cat poos shouldn't stink out your house like a sewer, and there's nothing special about expensive food that claims to reduce stool odour. If your vet has ruled out illness or disease, this is simply the result of a poor diet. Shop Premium Cat Food → Get 20% off your first order over £20 Code: CATMUMJOURNAL20 As mentioned at the beginning of this article, rather than paying extortionate prices for processed junk, you may be better using that investment on a fresh food company. Alternatively, you could make your own homemade recipes (formulated by a veterinary nutritionist) which can be raw or cooked. If your budget doesn't stretch that far or you're not comfortable with the homemade option, you can start by introducing fresh food into your cat's diet a few times a week and supplement the rest with a high-quality wet food. That way, you're saving costs while ensuring they get a healthy dose of meaty goodness. Related post: Edgard & Cooper Cat Food Review: Tried and Tested *If you're unsure of what to feed your cat or want to make sure that switching diets is safe then I recommend seeking veterinary advice. Some diets may not be suitable for cats with certain health conditions, particularly in the case of raw food. Information is accurate from February 2026 and may be subject to change. Feel free to get in touch if you think this article needs updating. Do you have an indoor kitty? Have you considered food that's tailored for indoor cats or do you think it's nothing more than a marketing tactic? Share your thoughts in the comments.

In this article: Can Cats Sense Depression and Anxiety? How Cats Can Help with Mental Illness The Healing Power of the Purr Animal-Assisted Therapy Summary Let’s talk about mental health. Yes - really! Mental disorders such as depression and anxiety have been a taboo subject for millennia across many different cultures. Despite gaining a deeper insight and understanding of it over the last 100 years, we still don't talk about it. Why? For all of the progress made by both medical professionals and society as a whole, it remains highly stigmatised and the mentally ill are often victims of shaming or disregard. Perhaps this is why so many people turn to pets for comfort. Animals are non-judgmental and they love us unconditionally. They see us at our best and, more importantly, at our worst. Anyone who has any kind of bond with their pets or animals in general will understand when I say they have a healing presence. They seem to be able to connect with us on a soul level because, with animals, we can truly be free. Can Cats Sense Depression and Anxiety? Animals are known to have superior senses, especially when it comes to illness in humans. Dogs have demonstrated that they can sniff out various forms of cancer, as well as detecting diseases such as Parkinson's, diabetes, malaria and epileptic seizures. Amazingly, they can also sense our emotions - and it isn't limited to man's best friend. Dogs have a reputation for being loyal companions that want nothing more than to please their owners or guardians. Meanwhile, a cat's aloofness has turned them into a meme sensation - which is a totally unfair representation. An increasing number of studies into feline behaviour and psychology indicate that cats are not only capable of sensing how we're feeling, but they can change their behaviour to react to our moods. In typical feline fashion, just because they can do something doesn't mean they will! Even so, a cat's reaction is likely to be far more subtle than a dog's in any respect. For example, if a cat picks up on depression then it might spend more time with that person. If you're anxious or stressed then you could notice that your cat approaches you more than usual. While it's doubtful that they understand the feeling itself, cats have shown that they can recognise emotions through visual and audible cues such as crying, tone of voice, body language and gestures. They're also sensitive to physiological changes like heart rate, breathing and blood pressure, which can change dramatically during periods of anxiety. Quite simply, cats pay enough attention to know when something's "off" - even if we think they're only interested in food and petting. It's not hard to put this into practice, for example, when playing with your cat. If you approach the session with high energy and laughter, you may witness their excitement levels increase. Likewise, if you act nervous or scared around a particular stimuli then your cat might mirror your reaction or use it as a basis for how to respond to the same thing. These are just a few methods that cats use to understand and communicate with us. How Cats Can Help with Mental Illness Cats are being used as an example here, but the same could apply to all pets and animals. Studies have shown that pet ownership - or companionship, as I prefer to say - has multiple benefits across many situations, circumstances and health conditions. In fact, mental health charities are now recommending pets as a therapy of sorts, which isn't surprising when we consider the rise of pet adoption during Covid. The pandemic swept across the globe and saw people confined to their homes, in some cases not having any human contact for days, weeks or months at a time. We can't rule out that boredom was a factor - yes, I am calling out all those who failed to acknowledge that a pet isn't just for Covid - but the sense of companionship we get from animals can be truly life-changing. On a more scientific level, pets can increase our dopamine, serotonin and oxytocin levels - the hormones that make us feel good and happy. Let's take a look at some of the other ways our fluffballs can help with mental illness like depression and anxiety. Unconditional Love We touched on this earlier, but it's so important that it deserves another mention. Love is a powerful emotion, and what we receive from animals is incomparable to anything else. Our pets don't care who we are, what we look like, where we come from, what we do for a living or how much money we have. In this sense, they're a completely different species and we should be worshipping animals for what they can offer us. Companionship Pets can reduce feelings of loneliness and isolation, as we saw in the Covid example. Not only that, but research has found that owning a pet can improve relationships and help with social bonding. Let's be honest, pets are a huge conversation starter - I'll talk about my cats to anyone who'll listen! Distraction An animal's presence can literally fill voids and provide a healthy distraction from the trials and tribulations of everyday life. It can be hard to relax after a bad day or when mood is low but, seeing your furry's face light up when you enter a room, you can't help but smile. I can hear the mocking laughter from all you kitty parents, but being blatantly ignored by your cat isn't so bad. It shows that they trust you, and that's an honour. Purpose Animals give us a sense of purpose because they rely on us for their general care, which in turn provides structure and routine. Owning a dog - or even a cat if it's harness trained - helps people to get outdoors for some fresh air and exercise. Some people live for their kids, others live for their pets - and that's perfectly acceptable in my book. Affection Humans have an innate need for physical contact, as we see through displays of affection like hugging and kissing. Animals have their own ways of bonding - grooming and licking, for example - which suggests that our basic needs aren't so different. Imagine coming home from work after a long and taxing week, when all you want to do is snuggle up on the sofa with a loved one and Netflix playing in the background. Stroking and petting an animal can provide instant relief from stress and anxiety, too. Children More evidence from studies has shown that children living with pets have a lowered risk of anxiety and higher self-esteem. Strengthened emotional intelligence can result in increased levels of compassion, empathy and responsibility. Interactions with animals can be especially beneficial for children with ADHD and autism. The Healing Power of the Purr One cat-specific quality is, of course, purring! A cat's purr isn't only magical to hear, but science has discovered that it does in fact have healing properties. So, how does it work? When a cat purrs, it releases endorphins in the brain - hormones related to feelings of happiness and comfort - but the truly magical part is that purring releases endorphins in humans, too. This can decrease stress levels, lower blood pressure and reduce the risk of heart attacks. According to studies, it can also help to promote healing of the bones. Visit When my Persian cat, George, was close to the end, I'd often hear him purring - which made the decision to put him to sleep all the more difficult. We associate purring with happiness, so when the vet explained that they sometimes purr when they're in pain or stressed , it suddenly became clear that George was trying to soothe himself. Related post: Pet Bereavement Support and Coping with the Loss of a Pet This is achieved through sound or, more specifically, vibrations. Healers throughout history and the world have used sound in their work, more recently in the sports and fitness industries, with the belief that certain frequencies have healing effects on the body and mind. A search on YouTube will bring up hundreds of sounds and music that are set at specific frequencies (also known as hertz) for healing various ailments. This is a common practice in reiki, a form of energetic healing - more commonly referred to as "vibration therapy" in the medical world. It's believed that the frequency of a cat's purr works in a similar manner to this. Whether you believe in vibration therapy or not, evidence is backed up by decades of scientific research into the topic - which is a fascinating one to say the least. Animal-Assisted Therapy In case you need a little more convincing, it might be helpful to look at some of the ways in which animals are used for animal-assisted therapy and the impact it has on people's lives. This is a health intervention designed to improve physical, social, emotional or cognitive functioning. War veterans - helping ex-soldiers to overcome PTSD and reduce suicide rates. Care homes - petting and bonding experiences can bring much joy to elderly people. Classrooms - aids learning and social skills, as well as helping special needs children. Prison settings - provides comfort, distraction and teaches empathy. Palliative care - decreases depression, brings comfort and peace. Psychotherapy, psychiatric treatment and counselling sessions - increases quality of life and the mental and emotional wellbeing of patients. Other vulnerable individuals and behavioural disorders. Summary It's important to remember that, while adopting an animal companion can have a major impact on mental health and wellbeing, it's not a decision that should be made lightly. Pets are a huge commitment and can potentially come with financial burdens, which is a stressor in its own right. If you're struggling with mental health then you should consider the long-term responsibilities of owning a pet, as they're not supposed to be a quick fix. If that's what you've taken from this article then I urge you to go back and re-read the finer points. Visit To help you make an informed decision, here are some factors to consider: Affordability - Are you financially stable enough to provide a pet with all of its basic daily needs such as food, bedding, toys and veterinary treatment (vaccinations, check-ups, medications, etc)? Living arrangements - Does your home have enough space for a pet to live comfortably? Even smaller pets like rabbits and hamsters need the freedom to explore and exercise, rather than being shut in a cage all day. General care - Can you care for your pets and cope with any potential issues without help from another person? Having friends and family is a great form of support, but you shouldn't be completely reliant on others in case they're not available. Walking - Do you have access to outdoor space or areas to walk a dog? Are you able to get out on a regular basis? Think about the type of animal you want to adopt and whether it's a suitable match for your lifestyle and schedule. Kittens are bundles of joy and can bring a lot of fun into the home, but they also require more attention than an adult or senior cat. If you live alone and work 12 hours a day then consider if this is fair on a young kitten or puppy, because their wellbeing is just as important - if not more so - than yours. What's your take on animals and mental health? Do you have your own inspiring story to share? Let's get talking about mental health!

*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases at no cost to you. In this article: Where Do a Cat's Hunting Instincts Come From? Why Do Cats Bring Dead or Injured Animals Home? Why Do Cats Play with Their Prey? The Importance of Exhibiting Natural Behaviours What Should I Do When My Cat Brings Me Prey? More Using Toys and Play to Redirect Hunting Behaviours Tips for Protecting Wildlife Summary As a lifelong cat parent, I've had my fair share of undesirable "gifts" brought into the home - and they're not always dead. Mice and small birds are common prey animals because they're small, easy to hunt and almost always found in gardens. Larger animals like squirrels and rabbits are also common targets. When I was younger, I distinctly remember one of the family cats dragging a full-grown pigeon through the cat flap - a most impressive catch! For thousands of years, we relied on cats for killing vermin and protecting grain stores - it was a huge part of domestication. Now that we no longer require those skills, cats are regarded as pests by many. Their predatory instincts are retained from their wild ancestors when it was essential for survival. The modern-day luxury of canned food doesn't take the hunter out of the cat, even if they're not driven by hunger. You might be wondering why cats feel the need to share their hunting trophies - or why they're hunting at all, if not for food. This behaviour has deep roots in their instincts and social nature, which begins before a cat is born. Where Do a Cat's Hunting Instincts Come from? A cat's behaviour is a mixture of nature (genetics and instinct) and nurture (environment and experience). We know that hunting is instinctual and cats are attracted to small, fast-moving things. My current cats, Drax and Simba, didn't have a mother to learn from - I've been their parent almost from birth, and I certainly don't chase rodents around the house or garden! Despite this - and being indoor cats - they both present me with their toys, just like other cats bring in wild rodents and birds. So, where does experience come into play? Visit In the wild, mother cats teach their kittens to eat and hunt by bringing dead or injured prey back to the nest. As kittens become more mobile and develop their hunting skills, she'll release live prey in front of them. Kittens learn that they have to capture it because when the prey tries to escape, the mother will catch it again and take it back to them. This is one reason why your cat might not be killing animals before bringing them home. In fact, they often die from shock rather than injuries - or accidental killing, since fangs are extremely sharp. Why Do Cats Bring Dead or Injured Animals Home? Most domestic cats won't have these early experiences, since weaning kittens is the responsibility of the owner, which emphasises the strength of a cat's survival instinct. Hunting behaviours have been a part of their genetics for thousands of years, and they aren't likely to fade - no matter how much you shout at your cat. Punishment is extremely confusing and damaging for a cat that's merely demonstrating that it sees you as part of their social group. It's not "teaching" you how to hunt, but by bringing their catch back to the home - their core territory - it shows that they feel secure in your presence. Cats may want to consume their prey undisturbed and away from threats, or store it out of reach from other predators that might steal it. Offering their catch is a huge gesture of trust, so throwing it back in their furry faces is not cool! It's not unusual for cats to bring other items home - my previous cat, Dillon, once returned with a cooked sausage that he'd stolen from a neighbour's barbecue. This can also apply to random objects or anything else that your cat finds interesting and wants to inspect further. Why Do Cats Play with Their Prey? This is something I've witnessed a lot over the years, especially with insects like flies, spiders and daddy-longlegs that get into the house during summer. Unfortunately, Drax eats them before I can do anything; but Simba enjoys batting them around, leaving them alone and then going back to finish tormenting them later. This curious behaviour looks like cats are playing with the insect or animal, and I'm certain there's some degree of entertainment. However, this practice is used to tire the prey out and make it easier to kill, reducing the cat's risk of being injured during the hunt! A small reminder that there's always a method to your cat's madness. They rarely misbehave for the sake of misbehaving, even if it's to get your attention. Tyasoleil Interactive Cat Toy inspires natural hunting instincts with unpredictable motion patterns. Rotating feathers can be placed under the plastic cover or attached to the top of cat trees. Includes 3 speed settings and is USB rechargeable. The Importance of Exhibiting Natural Behaviours Hunting provides mental stimulation, physical exercise and enrichment , all of which are crucial for a cat's wellbeing. Toys are designed to help replicate a cat's hunting behaviours - stalking, chasing, pouncing and catching - which highlights the importance of play. Playtime shouldn't be something that you engage in now and then when you have a few minutes to spare. Cats need opportunities to exhibit their natural instincts and behaviours to avoid other issues like stress and aggression - this is especially true for indoor cats. Related post: How to Play with Cats of All Ages: Motivation Tips and Tricks Simply, hunting is a fun sport - unfortunately, this isn't limited to cats. There are some rather distasteful humans in this world and no one punishes them. What Should I Do When My Cat Brings Me Prey? Now that you better understand a cat's motivation for bringing dead or injured animals into the house, here are some tips on how to respond appropriately. Stay Calm and Avoid Punishment Finding a bloodied animal on your kitchen floor or an unwelcome visitor scurrying across the room can be a thing of nightmares; but to your cat, it's the most natural thing in the world. In their mind, they're doing a great job and no amount of punishment or discipline will deter them from doing it again. It might help to recognise some of the compromises that cats make to live with humans, given their highly independent natures. From sharing their territory to eating what we feed them, scratching and toileting where we decide; and playing with the toys they're given. Thank Your Cat with Gentle Praise Praise is one way to respond - not too much as you don't want to encourage them any more - but this reinforces the positive bond you share. I happen to love rodents and have owned everything from mice and rats to lizards and birds, so it's never pleasant to see an animal suffering at the paws of my felines. Yet I understand and respect them enough to put my feelings aside. Alternatively, you can keep it neutral by ignoring your cat and removing the prey. Remove or Dispose of Prey Hygienically Whether the animal is dead or alive, it's best to prevent your cat from eating it. Hunting is one of the most common ways for cats to catch worms and fleas, and there's also a risk that rodents may have consumed poison put down by humans. This can make your cat very sick. Always wear gloves or use a paper towel to dispose of the animal. If it's still alive then you might consider transporting it to an area outside of your cat's roaming grounds and setting it free. If not, it'll likely return to its home and your cat will know where to find it again. That doesn't mean it'll be safe from other predators, but it gives it a fighting chance. Using Toys and Play to Redirect Hunting Behaviours Giving cats an outlet for their hunting instincts will help to satisfy their drive and tire them out. Cats respond to movement: feather wands are great for encouraging stalking, chasing and pouncing. Interactive toys have unpredictable motion patterns that keep cats entertained when you're busy or out of the house. Mice, birds, fish and other soft toys that replicate prey are ideal but can get boring. If they're not holding kitty's interest then try one that's infused with catnip or battery operated, like the Nepfaivy Floppy Fish that stimulates real movement. Nepfaivy Flapping Bird Cat Toy made from soft plush with a touch sensor. The bird flaps its wings while chirping like a real bird when patted. Includes 3 speeds and a catnip pouch for increased stimulation. Cats may still bring you their toys, and if they're anything like Drax, it might be accompanied by mewing and yowling while carrying them. Whether this is an extension of their hunting behaviours, attention seeking or an attempt to initiate play, it's not entirely known. However, research has shown that cats treat toys just like prey, so even when they're playing, they likely see the toy as their "catch". Food puzzles and treat dispensers provide a tasty snack in place of birds and mice. Cat trees, shelving and scratchers also help to fulfill their feline needs; and hopefully distract them from terrorising the wildlife. The FOVVZDIL Scratching Post is made from natural sisal and features 2 dangling balls; a feather with bells on a spring; and an interactive trackball base that includes lickable catnip. Tips for Protecting Wildlife Supervise or Limit Outdoor Access Supervision gives cats the freedom to explore while protecting wildlife. You can use a harness and leash to take them on walks (if they're trained) or build a catio so they have a safe enclosure. This can be attached to the house by a cat flap, window or door and will give cats the opportunity to go outdoors without being able to hunt. This is highly recommended to give cats the best of both worlds, as the streets too can be a dangerous environment for cats. If neither of these options are feasible, try keeping your cat inside during the hours of dusk and dawn. This is when animals like rodents and birds are most active and vulnerable to predators. Related post: How to Harness Train Cats for Walking on a Leash Safely Visit Keep Wildlife Feeders Out of Reach The RSPB  reports that UK cats catch up to one hundred million animals over spring and summer. As high as this number seems, it's important to remember that no amount of training, punishment or cruelty will remove this natural behaviour. Place bird feeders in segregated areas of the garden if possible, or make sure they're hung out of reach - remember, cats are able to jump up to six times their body length and climb trees! If your cat is continuously bringing in dead or dying wildlife then you should consider removing temptations altogether, as this only contributes to the problem. Attach a Bell to Their Collar A clever suggestion by Purina  is to put a bell on your cat's collar so they lose the stealthy upper hand - or paw! The bell will jingle when your cat approaches, giving wildlife a chance to flee to safety. This method isn't guaranteed, which I can attest to having had collar-wearing cats that still brought home their fair share of trophies! Feed a High-Quality Meat Diet Cats Protection suggests that feeding your cat a diet that's high in animal protein could make them less likely to hunt. Some commercial cat foods contain as little as 4% meat, but they should be getting around 55% protein in their diet. Dry food in particular is packed with grains, vegetables and other fillers that are high in carbohydrates . Fresh food companies like KatKin may be better suited to a cat that enjoys hunting. More information and recommendations can be found here: Fresh Raw and Cooked Cat Food: Tailor-Made Nutrition Sent to Your Door! Summary When your cat brings you prey (or a toy) it's not actually bringing you a gift, as much as we'd like to believe it's a gesture of love and affection - which it may well be, in their own "cat way". This behaviour connects your cat's wild instincts with its social bond to you, so the best way to return the gesture is by appreciating their unique way of communicating. Not all cats bring prey to their owners as they all have different personalities, live in different environments and have different level hunting skills. A study from 2023 showed that active dominant, aggressive cats brought dead animals home more frequently than timid sociable cats, so there are many factors to consider. Mentioned Products Nepfaivy Floppy Fish Cat Toy FOVVZDIL Scratching Post Does your cat like to show off its hunting trophies? Let us know if this article helped or share your advice for other parents in the comments.

*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases at no cost to you. In this article: Why Is Play Important for Cats? My Cat Won't Play, Is It Lazy? How to Play with Cats How Long Should I Play with Cats? Why You Shouldn't Use Hands to Play with Cats Summary Why Is Play Important for Cats? Quite simply, play is an extension of a cat's natural hunting instincts and contributes to their overall health and wellbeing. Cats are known for their curious nature, which means they love to explore and learn about their environment. It's therefore beneficial for mental and emotional health, physical exercise, mobility and even brain function. For indoor cats , play is doubly important for stimulation and to prevent boredom. They only become lazy because humans make them so - which says a lot about humans, too. We talk a lot about aggression  on this site, and playtime has a huge role in managing problem behaviours by releasing excess energy; reducing stress and offering a distraction from other target cats. It's also important for socialising kittens and teaching them valuable life skills. If you have a cat with fussy eating habits then a good play session helps to build up an appetite; after all, it needs to replenish energy for the next hunt. The best part of all, playtime can be a fun bonding session between cats and humans. My Cat Won't Play, Is It lazy? My cat won't play. My cat is lazy. My cat isn't interested in the £30 interactive toy I bought off Amazon. It's easy to blame the cat (or toy) but guess what? You made the decision to house an animal that's programmed to hunt, chase, stalk, climb and explore in the wild - and would continue to do so if humans hadn’t tried to domesticate them. Cats were originally used as a form of vermin control within human settlements, where they were attracted to the abundance of prey and waste that could be easily scavenged. It was only through thousands of years of evolution and the introduction of tinned food, litter and other resources that allowed us to keep them indoors. Experts believe that cats domesticated themselves but, either way, the basic instincts, behaviours and biology of a cat haven't changed. Why the history lesson? Unlike dogs who have evolved to become man's best friend, cats take a lot more effort. It's your responsibility to bring enrichment to a cat's life and stimulate those predatory instincts. No matter how pampered your fur baby is (I have a couple of princes, too!) there's no taking the hunter or huntress out of the cat. How to Play with Cats Let's start with how NOT to play with cats.... I can see you now, waving that feather wand from side to side with one eye on the TV - or more accurately, scrolling through social media. To you it's a piece of plastic, but to your cat it's their prey. Have you ever seen a bird flapping aimlessly from left to right and right to left? Boring! Maybe it's more of a mouse guy (or girl) which doesn't mean you can get away with tossing a mouse onto the floor and expecting a reaction. A stationary mouse is a dead mouse - more yawns. Bojafa Feather Wand comes in a 15-piece set that includes 2 wands and 13 teasers: natural feathers, worms and fish. Wands are retractable and can reach up to 96cm. These repetitive and predictable motions provide no challenge for a kitty's killer instincts. Cats observe their prey for some time before leaping into action, as in the wild they might only get one chance to catch a meal before the next serving comes along. The most they'll gain from the above example is a crick in the neck. Of course, if your kitty happens to be enthused by a flapping wand then by all means, keep on flapping. For the most part, it's less about the toy and more about what the toy represents. You should also bear in mind that cats are unable to see objects too close to their faces - anything within 25-30cm is likely to be blurred or completely out of their range of vision. Their eyes are designed to track movement at a distance, so it helps to incorporate this into your play technique. Related post: Cat Vision: How Do Cats See the World? Stimulate Hunting Instincts   Playtime should mimic hunting in a natural way. Think: jumping, pouncing, stalking, chasing, batting and swatting. In Jackson Galaxy's book, Total Cat Mojo , he uses the acronym HCKEGS, which stands for Hunt, Catch, Kill, Eat, Groom, Sleep. This shows how much of a cat's driving force is linked to hunting. If your cat likes birds then do some research: sit in your garden or local park and observe the wildlife. Watch how they flutter in the trees, soar through the air and swoop down to land. This is how you should be using a feather wand - no manic side to side actions! Once a cat gets worked up then all it cares about is killing that target, but you have to get it there first. Shop pet supplies → Keep the wand just out of reach and play with different heights, bring it down to ground level and really tease your kitty as it stalks its prey. Wait for it to pounce and, at the last second, off flies birdie back into the trees. We want to keep cats coming back for more but not to the point of frustration where they lose interest - those leaps consume a lot of energy. You might have seen cats twisting and flipping in the air, which is a testament to how athletic they are. Let it get a taste of its prey with a few catches until it's all worn out. PetSafe Egg-Cersizer and SlimCat Dispenser Toys can be filled with treats or kibble that falls through the holes when batted around. Holes are adjustable to make it easier or more challenging. Toys help to slow down feeing, tackle obesity and stimulate natural hunting instincts. Rodents, on the other hand, will creep and scuttle; disappear into holes; dig for food and nesting materials - all of which you can mimic with toys. A basic length of cord could be a snake slithering around your carpets. You can mix it up even more by attaching balls or mice to a piece of string to get that prey moving. For less energetic or senior cats, burying a mouse or other soft toy in a box of screwed up paper provides enrichment , as well as stimulating the senses. Treat puzzles and wildlife videos on YouTube will help to keep an ageing kitty's brain engaged. Speedy Panther 14 Pack of Cat Toys includes an interactive ball and track toy; a variety of balls and mice; and a feather wand. Purrfect for new kittens and stimulating less playful cats. Realism To elaborate on the above, can you imagine the disappointment on your kid's face if you bought them a remote-controlled car and forgot to add the batteries? If the most they can do is look at it then you might have saved a few quid and bought a poster. Where's the interaction? Where's the excitement, the fun, the get-go? That car needs to be as realistic as it can be. It needs all the gadgets, lights, sounds and motions that come from racing a car. Get involved. Act like the bird. BE the mouse. Yes, I am telling you to child-talk your cat. We already know they pick up on emotional cues and that goes for excitement, too. Unlike humans, they don't care how stupid you look or how high-pitched your voice gets. Prey is prey. Okay, you get my enthusiasm. Clearly I LOVE entertaining my cats, probably more so than they do. PawHut Cat Stand with a large polyester bed, jute scratching posts and two hanging pompoms. Stands at 42cm and made from sturdy particle board with a wide base to prevent toppling. Utilise Space Play doesn't have to be limited to a single room, either. If you have hallways and stairs then use them (also furniture if you don't mind it being scratched to pieces). An unmotivated cat might be enticed with stalking, a good low-energy form of play that can build up with excitement. Laser pointers are perfect for getting that momentum going. I should point out that my cats aren't particularly active, it's a case of encouraging them at the right time - that is, when they show rare spurts of energy. That being said, some of these tactics have seen them transform from lazy dumplings into torpedoes charging about the place - yes, there is such a thing as overexcitement! Concealment Cats love concealment such as poking things through gaps under doors or anything with a spyhole. Include plenty of objects to hide behind - a simple blanket draped over a couple of chairs makes an exciting kitty den. Get creative and use your environment. Another reason why cats might not play is timidness, particularly in multi-cat households. Drax would often disappear or watch from a hiding place while Simba went crazy with his toys. Some one-on-one playtime will help to build up confidence until it's ready to integrate with its housemates. Cats that are reluctant to enter the middle of a room may feel shy or vulnerable, so offer lots of hiding places such as boxes and tunnels to coax them out. 3-Way Foldable Cat Tunnel has three channels, a peephole and hanging ball toy for stalking and hiding. The tunnel folds down and pops up for easy storage. Choose the Right Toy The right toy for your cat is based on all of the points discussed, for which you're the best judge. What gets kitty's pulse racing? Is she a stalker? Does she love to run and chase? Do you see her gnawing on soft toys, whizzing up cat trees or hanging off teasers like a fish on a hook? Toys are merely accessories, and while they're a great substitute for prey, some cats will need more motivation than others depending on factors such as age and breed. Naturally, a senior cat will be less active than a kitten and might prefer rolling around in boxes or tunnels with toys that are soft on their teeth, rather than chasing the end of a teaser. Mental stimulation can be very valuable for an old or infirm cat. For a more in-depth look at different types of cat toys, recommendations and age suitability, check out these 12 types of cat toys and games . Catstages Krazy Kale Catnip Chew Toy is made with mesh material that gently cleans soft plaque and tartar off your cat's teeth as they play and gnaw. Stuffed with dried catnip for an irresistible bite, with large colourful feathers. For an extra buzz, there are so many varieties of catnip or silvervine available to further stimulate the senses. From stuffed toys to edible treats, choosing the best type and brand for your cat may take some trial and error. Related post: 15 Best Catnip Toys, Blends and Sprays Rewards Once kitty is all tired out, this would be an ideal feeding time - especially if you have a fussy eater as cats are more likely to finish a bowl if they're hungry. At the very least, you should offer a tasty snack or treat. Associate play with reward and you'll earn yourself a friend for life. How Long Should I Play with Cats? As a general rule, it's recommended to play with cats in short 10-15 minute sessions, up to 3 times a day - which is far less than you might think. Cats have intermittent bursts of energy between naps and tend to lose interest if playtime lasts too long. This is the nature of our feline friends due to being on alert for predators and hunting opportunities in the wild. Leaving too many toys lying around can lead to boredom as there's nothing new and exciting. Try offering a different toy for each play session, even if it's a different type of toy such as a plastic ball vs a crinkle ball. Store in a box when not in use and, in time, kitty may start to choose its own toys. Xemz Interactive Feather Cat Toy features a rotating feather that randomly pops out of the holes at different time intervals. The toy starts when cats pass the infrared sensor and has an auto shut-off time of 5 minutes. Other factors that influence a cat's playtime needs are age, breed and personality. Energy levels naturally decrease as cats get older, but that doesn't mean they don't need to be kept active. Kittens have bundles of energy and require more intense play, which is balanced out by longer naps. If you've ever parented a kitten then the routine is generally the same: eat, play, sleep. Some cat breeds, such as Bengals, have higher energy levels in comparison to the more laid-back Persian. On a whole, it doesn't take much time out of your day to exercise a cat. As a bare minimum, 30 minutes broken up into sessions can work out as 10 minutes after work, 10 minutes after dinner and 10 minutes before bed. Of course, cats being cats, they're more likely to choose a time to suit themselves - usually when you're in the middle of something important! This is where interactive or battery-operated toys come in useful, whereby cats can play at their own leisure. Why You Shouldn't Use Hands to Play with Cats It may seem like common sense not to let a cat play with hands - or body parts in general - but we've all done it. Drax has a bit of a foot fetish and, gentle as he is, the problem occurs when he decides to make a lunge for them when I'm walking down the stairs. Totally my fault but that's what happens when cats don't know any different because, hey, we do this all the time! Worse than that is if a cat becomes aggressive or develops behavioural issues, your body parts are going to become live targets. One last thing: kittens! Letting a cute, harmless kitten play with your fingers is, well, cute and harmless. In a matter of months, that kitten will be a hyperactive terror armed with fangs and claws and, after that, a fully-grown cat. I don't always follow my own rules and, honestly, there's nothing more adorable than a palm-sized fluffball gumming the end of your finger. At some point we need to replace fingers with toys, just try to do it sooner rather than later. Summary With a little bit of time, effort and motivation, keeping cats fit and active can easily become part of their daily routine. Play is so much more than a boredom breaker. It's essential for giving cats a happy and healthy lifestyle; reducing stress and obesity; and aiding bonding with other cats and humans. Related post: How to Exercise Obese Cats for Weight Loss Lastly, you don't have to spend a fortune on all of the latest cat toys - raiding your granny's wool collection or stealing your dad's shoelaces works just as well. From cardboard boxes to catnip-stuffed socks, check out these simple DIY cat toys . My boys are partial to a game of peekaboo, which is great if you don't mind getting jabbed in the face. Yes, the "no body parts" rule still applies but it's about knowing your cats, too. If playtime with your kitty looks like you went ten rounds with Edward Scissorhands, then common sense would say to use a toy and not your face – duh! Mentioned Products Speedy Panther 14 Pack of Cat Toys 3-Way Foldable Cat Tunnel Hianjoo Cat Feather Teaser Set 12 Pcs Does your cat have a favourite toy or do you have a resident lazy bones? Let us know if any of these tips helped in the comments.

*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases at no cost to you. 6 Best Types of Cat Litter: Clay Litter Wood Litter Crystals Litter Paper Litter Corn Litter Tofu Litter Also in this article: How Do I Choose the Best Cat Litter? Which Litter Is Best for Kittens? The modern kitty has more choice today than ever before, from food to furniture and everything in between - as if they weren't pampered enough already! Sometimes too much variety can cause confusion, especially when it comes to litter. While traditional clay remains a popular option, you can also get wood, crystals, paper, corn, wheat, grass, tofu and others. Factors that influence buying decisions include: Price. Absorbency. Odour control. Dust levels. Clumping ability. Tracking levels. Environmental impact. Visit However, the biggest consideration has to be your cat's individual preference, as they may refuse a certain type of litter if it feels uncomfortable on their paws or they don't like the smell. This isn't only inconvenient for your floors, but forcing a cat to toilet outside the litter tray can cause stress and urinary issues from holding in its pee for long periods of time. Ideally, litter should be designed for cats to perform the natural behaviour of digging and burying their waste. Some large pellets simply do not replicate this. This article explores six types of litter that are popular in the UK, the pros and cons of each and some handpicked recommendations.   Clay Litter   As the original form of commercial cat litter and the first product designed for use in a litter tray, clay remains the most accessible and cost-effective choice amongst owners. Some clay litters are made from large gravelly pieces, while others are finer and more like the consistency of sand. It's easy for cats to dig and bury their mess without causing discomfort to their paws. You can get different formulas of clay litter, such as low dust, low tracking (doesn't stick to paws and leave trails around the house), scented and unscented. While unscented clay is most recommended, many owners use scented clay without any issues. Depending on the brand, some formulas may be overwhelming to a cat's sense of smell or contain chemicals that trigger allergies. The two main types of clay litter are clumping and non-clumping. Clumping litter is most popular as it absorbs urine into solid "clumps" that can be scooped out, leaving the remaining litter clean. It should last 3-4 weeks with regular spot cleaning, depending on how many cats are using the litter tray. Non-clumping  litter creates more wastage as it has to be poured away after use, which should be every day for hygiene reasons. While it's cheaper than clumping litter, the cost builds up in the long-run with frequent emptying and refilling of the entire litter tray. It also has poorer odour control and makes it difficult to detect urine output, which means any problems can be missed. Double Layer Cat Litter Mat that collects loose litter for easy shaking into a bin. Made from flexible and comfortable EVA material with a waterproof bottom. Multiple sizes available. Clay litter does come with a few drawbacks, regardless of which formula you get. Even low-dust clay carries more dust than some other types of litter, which can cause issues for both cats and humans with breathing problems like asthma. It also has high tracking, although a litter mat can help to prevent this. Clay litter is primarily made from bentonite clay, which is mined from the ground and not biodegradable. It can get quite heavy when saturated and tends to stick to the bottom of the litter tray. Pros Cons ✓ Easy to scoop (clumping). ❌ Dusty. ✓ Odour control (clumping). ❌ Easily tracks. ✓ Highly absorbent. ❌ Not environmentally friendly. ✓ Cost-effective. Recommendation: Wood Litter Wood is the second most popular type of litter, the main one being pine but other varieties include cedar, bamboo and spruce. It's highly absorbent, with some brands claiming that litter absorbs 5-7 times its weight in urine. This is ideal for cats that have massive pees like my Drax with his urinary diet, or those with kidney disease. The natural scent of wood is said to help neutralise odours, although I find that it makes the litter tray smell like a farmyard. Many owners complain of the same problem, but this may depend on the brand and type of wood. You can get clumping or non-clumping wood litter, and it usually comes in pellets or a sawdust consistency. Pellets have less dust but not all cats will appreciate the large size, and it crumbles into finer pieces when saturated. The sawdust texture creates more dust and tracking, but typically less so than clay - again, a litter mat may be beneficial. One of the main selling points of wood litter is that it's eco-friendly and can usually be disposed of in the toilet by flushing individual clumps; or composted. I have used the clumping version before and found it to be excellent for absorbing urine and scooping, but not so great at odour control. Most importantly, my boys were happy to use it for the trial period! Pros Cons ✓ Highly absorbent. ❌ Uncomfortable texture (pellets). ✓   Low tracking (pellets). ❌ Wood scent. ✓ Eco-friendly. ✓ Lightweight. Recommendation: Visit Crystals (Silica Gel) Litter Crystal litter is a crystalised form of silicon dioxide that absorbs liquid and helps to control and trap odours. Since there's no need for clumping, maintenance involves removing poop like normal and stirring the litter to evenly distribute the dry crystals. It's marketed to be longer lasting than other types of litter, which is ideal for those who don't have time for spot cleaning. However, it may still need need regular emptying with multiple cats, leading to increased wastage. Crystal litter is less dusty than clay, but the crystals can break down over time which will create some dust. Larger crystals are less likely to get stuck to a cat's paws so won't track as much as finer particles. Some owners favour crystal litter for its absorbency, odour control and ease of use; but it's an expensive option and some crystals are sharp on a cat's paws. Mine refuse to use it! Crystal litter is mined from quartz and sand so is not considered eco-friendly. If you have a cat that eats litter or are training young kittens then it's not the best choice. Pros Cons ✓   Odour control. ❌ Uncomfortable texture. ✓   Low dust. ❌ Not eco-friendly. ✓   Low tracking. ❌ Expensive. ✓   Long lasting. Recommendation: Paper Litter Paper litter doesn't sound appealing or hygienic, and it's usually made from recycled newspaper in the form of large pellets. However, it's highly economical, biodegradable and cheaper than other natural options like wood. This is often used for cats recovering from injuries or surgery as it can't get into wounds. The low dust is beneficial for cats with breathing problems and training kittens on a budget. Paper is only absorbent to a degree and quickly becomes saturated, requiring regular cleaning and replacement. It also has minimal odour control. Paper litter is best used on a temporary basis and is an ideal solution for travelling as it's lightweight and easy to transport. Pros Cons ✓   Low dust and tracking. ❌ Low absorbency. ✓   Inexpensive. ❌ No clumping. ✓   Lightweight. ❌ No odour control. ✓   Environmentally friendly. ❌ Uncomfortable texture. Recommendation: Corn Litter Made from dried corn kernels or corn by-products, this natural cat litter is lightweight and biodegradable. It's highly absorbent with natural clumping abilities due to the starch, although it doesn't clump as well as other types of litter like clay or wood. It has little odour control but some brands offer scented options. Some corn litter has low dust and tracking if you get the pellet forms, but smaller particles will create dust and stick to a cat's paws. Corn litter is vulnerable to bugs and mould growth if not stored correctly, particularly aflatoxins which can be lethal to cats. While they shouldn't be eating litter, they may lick off remnants while grooming so it's not recommended for cats with corn allergies. Pros Cons ✓  Highly absorbent. ❌ No odour control. ✓  Low dust (pellets). ❌ Poor clumping. ✓  Low tracking (pellets). ❌ Vulnerable to mould. ✓  Environmentally friendly. Recommendation: Tofu Litter Tofu litter has been around for a few decades but has gained recent traction due to people searching for more eco-friendly options. Litter is made from soybean fibre, a by-product of tofu which reduces human food waste. It's plant-based and non-toxic, although you might want to avoid it if your cat is allergic to soy. Tofu litter is advertised as having all the benefits of clay, with great absorption and clumping due to the starch in soy fibre. It traps odours naturally without relying on artificial scents, but it can quickly become saturated so may need regular scooping. The main benefit of tofu is that it has minimal dust and tracking, which is excellent for breathing problems and allergies. Litter is usually available in pellet form and so will depend on your cat's preferences and comfort levels. It can be flushed down the toilet in clumps or composted. Due to tofu being a plant-based material, there's a risk of mould growth if stored in humid conditions. It's also one of the most expensive litter options. Pros Cons ✓   Highly absorbent. ❌ Uncomfortable texture. ✓   Odour control. ❌ Expensive. ✓   Low dust and tracking. ❌ Vulnerable to mould. ✓   Environmentally friendly. Recommendation: How Do I Choose the Best Cat Litter? You can start by balancing hygiene and maintenance with your cat's comfort and environmental impacts. Budget is one of the biggest factors for owners, but even if you can afford the best of the best, it's redundant if your kitty doesn't approve! Tofu litter is becoming increasingly popular as a more economical and high-performing option, but if the price tag is too high then wood is a good alternative. If you live in a small apartment then you might want to focus on odour control, while multi-cat households may benefit from good clumping and low tracking to keep mess to a minimum. When trying new litter, it's a good idea to keep a spare litter tray filled with the old stuff just in case your cat doesn't like it. You can place trays next to each other to try and spark their curiosity - cats appreciate variety, after all - or sprinkle a layer of their regular litter on top of the new litter. As with most things cat related, trial and error is usually the best approach! Which Litter Is Best for Kittens? Kittens are inquisitive creatures and, much like babies, will eat things that they're not supposed to. Catsan advise using a coarse-grained, non-clumping litter made from natural materials. This won't cause a problem if ingested (in small amounts), as well as being soft on their paws and less likely to stick to fur. The Catsan Hygiene Cat Litter is highly recommended, but wood and paper are also good options . If you've adopted a cat or kitten that's already used to a particular litter, wait until they've settled into their new home before making any changes to their litter box and keep their routine as normal as possible. What's your preferred type or brand of litter? Do you find that some perform better than others, or does your kitty have a favourite? Comment with your recommendations to help out other cat parents.

*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases at no cost to you. In this article: Why Do Cats Scratch? Stress and Scratching Reward vs Punishment Types of Scratchers Training Cats to Use a Scratcher Deterrents Summary Why Do Cats Scratch? Scratching is a perfectly natural cat behaviour but can quickly become destructive when it involves your carpets, furniture and doing Tarzan impressions on the curtains. To understand this behaviour, we need to look at some of the reasons why cats scratch in the first place. To stretch their limbs and spine, work their muscles and aid flexibility. Sharpen and maintain their claws by shedding the outer sheaths. Scent marking using glands between the pads of their paws to deposit pheromones . Enrichment. You might be wondering why domestic cats need to sharpen their claws, since they don't need to defend themselves from predators or capture prey. This survival instinct is deeply embedded into their psychology, and declawing cats for any reason isn't only inhumane but often has severe impacts on their behaviour. When cats aren't provided with scratching opportunities, they use anything from household items to clothing, shoes, blankets and wallpaper. The problem is more widespread for indoor cats since there are no trees, fences and other hard surfaces. Therefore, cats might be scratching due to a lack of resources; inadequate stimulation; boredom or attention seeking. Related post: Cat Enrichment Ideas and Boredom Breakers for Indoor Cats More worryingly, scratching can be a coping mechanism for stress and anxiety. Any one of the above examples could be a trigger for stress, but those experiencing chronic stress often have deeper underlying issues. Stress and Scratching Signs of acute stress in cats are evident in their body language , such as flattened ears and dilated pupils caused by a loud noise or unfriendly encounter with a stray cat. Chronic or long-term stress usually manifests as behavioural changes. These will vary from cat to cat but may include scratching, urine marking , excessive vocalisation, overgrooming and, in extreme cases, self-mutilation. Get to know the signs and symptoms of stress in this in-depth article: Signs of Stress in Cats, Causes and Treatment Shop Pet Furniture → As mentioned, cats scratch to mark their territorial boundaries, leaving a combination of scent and visual markings to alert other cats. It's wise to pay attention to the location of scratching, particularly in multi-cat homes where competition might be a factor. Around food and water bowls, litter trays and other resources. In doorways, halls and narrow spaces where cats are likely to encounter one another. Near windows, external doors and cat flaps where outside cats might be spotted. Related post: Where to Put a Cat's Food and Water Bowls, Litter Tray, Bedding and Other Essential Resources All of these scenarios can indicate territorial insecurity or aggression , particularly if bullying or fighting is present. Cats also use scent marking to boost comfort and security. With a sense of smell that's fourteen times stronger than a human's, and as their primary form of communication, the slightest whiff of something unfamiliar is going to set off those kitty alarm bells. Consider all of the smells that are being held in the fabrics of your home. If you've had other cats, pets or people using the same sofa or treading the same carpets over the years, then your kitty's nose is going to be in overdrive. While it's not ideal to replace the entirety of your home, sometimes a thorough clean can make all the difference. Be sure to use a pet-safe disinfectant or enzymatic cleaner like Simple Solution to remove those stubborn odours. Reward vs Punishment Punishing a cat for unwanted behaviours won't solve the problem, but it will make it worse. It's easy for parents to fall into the trap of believing discipline works when kitty stops whatever it's doing or flees whenever you yell the word "no" but this is simply a fear response. If cats really understood that what they're doing is wrong then why do they keep on doing it? In fact, we can't even describe the behaviour as "wrong" because, from a cat's perspective, all it's doing is what comes naturally. Yelling at your cat incites fear, and cats react to fear by flight or defensive aggression. This can damage the cat-human relationship, creating distrust and making it even more difficult to retrain them. More importantly, it can elevate a cat's stress levels and the problem escalates. Cat Scratcher Hammock with a solid wooden frame and comfortable curved design. Features a natural sisal pad that's durable and resistant to fraying. The large size is suitable for scratching and sleeping. Another mistake, which I've fallen into myself, is rewarding cats for unwanted behaviour, essentially turning a negative into a positive. If you're lifting your cat off the sofa twenty times a day, that's twenty times you're giving them attention that they wouldn't ordinarily be getting were they not engaging in the behaviour. Talk about mixed messages! Experts agree that the best course of action is to determine the cause and redirect behaviour to a more appropriate outlet, such as scratch posts and mats instead of furniture. Furthermore, using rewards to create positive reinforcement will encourage cats to do more of the desired behaviour. Types of Scratchers Thankfully, there are many different types of scratchers available to suit your kitty's preferences, including mats and boards for those that like to scratch horizontal surfaces. If you only have posts in your home then this could be why they prefer to use your nice fluffy carpet. Here are some options to consider: Tall, vertical posts with a sturdy base to prevent toppling. Ideally, posts should be a minimum of three feet to allow cats to stretch out their bodies, using both the front and rear claws to climb. You can also get scratch posts with attached toys like feathers and dangly balls. Cat trees for climbing and exercise. Sisal mats for horizontal scratchers and carpet destroyers. Corrugated cardboard scratch boards and baskets. Some of these double up as beds, making them a great multifunctional option. Need more inspiration? Check out these tried and tested reviews: Cardboard and Sisal Cat Scratcher Reviews (Tried and Tested) Training Cats to Use a Scratcher Placement As obvious as it sounds, you should start by placing scratchers in areas where cats like to scratch. If they're focusing on one particular area of the carpet, cover it with a mat and see if they use that instead. Most cats enjoy a full body stretch after they wake up from a nap, so placing a post near beds or resting areas are also good options. As mentioned, providing scratching opportunities near external doors and windows allows cats to mark their territory for extra comfort and security. This is also the case for cats that urine spray as it allows another, more hygienic way for cats to scent mark. In multi-cat homes, placing scratchers at entrance and exit points has the same effect. In theory, you can add as many scratchers around the home as you want. As a bare minimum, you should aim for one scratcher per cat, plus one extra. Keep things interesting by providing a mixture of posts, mats and boards with different textures. Training Training cats to use scratchers can be challenging since you need to catch them in the act to be able to move them from the undesired area to the dedicated scratcher. If your cat is tolerant then you can physically place their paws onto the post or mat. Reward usage with treats, petting or whatever brings your cat the most motivation. This must be done immediately for cats to associate the reward with the desired action. Consistency is key, whether it takes a week or a month. Over time, you can start reducing rewards as it becomes a natural behaviour. Cat Scratcher Bed is multifunctional for scratching and napping. Made from high-density corrugated cardboard with a textured surface to maintain claws and withstand vigorous scratching. If your kitty needs a little more convincing, use these handy tips and tricks: Sprinkle or spray catnip onto the scratcher to encourage interaction. Arrange toys around the scratcher to turn it into a play area. You could dangle bits of string or feather wands over it so kitty will catch its claws while swatting and realise, hey, this is kinda fun! Use your own cat's scent to mark the scratcher as a familiar object, as they'd do naturally when rubbing their faces and lips over furniture and resources. Gently wipe a soft cloth over kitty's cheeks to collect the facial pheromones and rub it onto the scratcher, which they'll detect upon inspection. Alternatively, you can use a good pheromone spray like Feliway Classic . Deterrents There are various products and training aids designed to deter cats from scratching. Double-sided adhesive or anti-scratch tapes will make the area less desirable, and sprays like Woyamay Cat Repellent contain natural scents that cats are averse to. Scrubbing and washing problem areas will help to get rid of the scent that's already there, making cats less likely to go back to it. If you suspect that stress is a factor, pheromone sprays and diffusers have been clinically proven to reduce many problem behaviours associated with anxiety; however, you shouldn't rely on them without making other changes as described in this article. Related post: 10 Best Cat Calming Treats and Pastes PETEPELA Cat Scratcher House has a 2-tier design for single or multiple use. Cats can lounge on the top or nap inside, and recycled corrugated card provides scratching opportunities on all sides. Summary Excessive scratching needs to be addressed, as stress can lead to long-term health issues. It's advisable to speak to a vet who may prescribe medication if any health conditions are discovered or refer you to a behaviourist. This is someone who can help with modifying your environment; behavioural training therapy and other necessary changes. Lastly, keeping your cat's claws trimmed may help to reduce their need to scratch by promoting shedding of the dead husks so that new, sharper claws can grow naturally. How often trimming is required depends on your cat: those that are young and active with outdoor access will need less maintenance than an inactive indoor cat. Be sure to use clippers designed for cats, or if you're not comfortable then make an appointment with your local vet. Recommended Products Cat Scratch Sticky Tape Navaris Cat Scratch Mat Sofa Shield Amazon Basics Cat Scratching Post Conlun Cardboard L-Shaped Cat Scratcher TRIXIE Scratching Board SOL Cat Scratch Mat Conlun Cardboard Cat House with Scratching Board Do you have a serial carpet clawer at home? Let us know in the comments if these tips helped!

*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases at no cost to you. All photos are my own and previously unpublished. Top 10 Products I Used to Help Reintroduce Fighting Cats: Comfort Zone Pheromone Diffuser YuMOVE Calming Care Beaphar Calming Cat Treats Pet Remedy Calming Spray Venture Q-Fit Baby Gate Feandrea Large Cat Tree Tower PawHut Multi-Level Cat Tree MEWOOFUN Cat Window Hammock Tyasoleil Interactive Cat Toy LED Cat Laser Pointer Dealing with inter-cat aggression  has been a learning curve in many ways and, at times, a costly one too. Not just in money but in time, effort and sanity! Throughout this site you'll find numerous articles on aggression between my boys and cats in general, from how it started to each stage of the reintroduction process. I've spent a lot of time trying different products and remedies, some of which I've mentioned previously, and wanted to share everything in one place. Note that just because these things worked for me doesn't necessarily mean you'll have the same success. All cats are different and will respond to different things. Hopefully, this article will offer some ideas and advice to point you in the right direction - and don't forget that you can adapt things to suit your cat's preferences and requirements. Visit If you haven't already done so, I recommend checking out these posts before continuing to get more of an idea on my situation and if it resonates with your own; as well as an in-depth look at some of the processes and techniques I used along the way. The earlier you can intervene, the more chance there is of a positive outcome. Related posts: How to Reintroduce Cats After a Fight in 6 Steps How I Successfully Reintroduced Cats After Fighting None of the following recommendations are meant to replace veterinary care or medical treatment. You should always take cats for a health check-up to rule out underlying illnesses or conditions that could be causing your cat pain or suffering. Remedies Comfort Zone Pheromone Diffuser I'm kicking off with pheromone diffusers because it's the easiest and most effective remedy that you want to begin when cats start showing signs o f stress or associated behaviours. Stress is a number one culprit when bonded cats start fighting , and pheromone diffusers can take anything from 1-4 weeks to see the full effects. I tried several well-known brands in the UK, including the big one, Feliway - but there really was no match for Comfort Zone. Made for use in single and multi-cat homes, Comfort Zone emits an analogue of feline pheromones to tackle all common signs of stress and conflict between cats in the same household. This includes behaviours such as urine spraying , scratching, excessive vocalisation, overgrooming and fighting. I use two diffusers to cover upstairs and downstairs, as well as a third one in my bedroom where the cats spend a lot of time. This does bump up the cost, but it's still cheaper than the leading brand and makes a great budget option. Refill packs are even better value for money, and you can always tell when a vial runs out because the hissing starts all over again! Related post: Best Cat Calming Plug-in Pheromone Diffusers (Tried and Tested) YuMOVE Calming Care YuMOVE contains a unique combination of ingredients to help maintain calming pathways in the brain and support relaxation. Similar to diffusers, it can be used for stress-inducing events such as fireworks , changes to the environment; moving home and new pets or people. It's most effective when given daily, with easy-opening capsules so powder can be sprinkled over food. Related post: Signs of Stress in Cats, Causes and Treatment I will mention that my fussy felines won't eat anything that smells even slightly abnormal, and YuMOVE does have a strong fishy aroma. However, it's easily administered in a syringe with a drop of water (if your cats are willing). While this didn't stop the fighting by any means, it did help Simba to chill out so he was less reactive to Drax's bullying. Even though they're no longer at war, it doesn't take much for tension to resurface and there's still a way to go as far as rebuilding the trust goes. I've found that YuMOVE helps in this respect, but I stopped giving it to Drax as he doesn't have the same anxiety issues as his brother. Main ingredients: Lemon balm promotes relaxation, soothes stress and encourages calmer behaviour. L-Tryptophan is an amino acid which is involved in the production of serotonin, helping to reduce stress. B vitamins play an important role in supporting a cat's overall health and brain function. The combination of natural GABA and L-Arginine helps to maintain calming pathways in the brain and support relaxation. Fish protein supports a cat's brain and helps calming signals to find the right spot. Also available from the YuMOVE brand are products designed to support joint care and healthy digestion for cats and dogs. Always consult with a veterinarian before giving pets supplements. Related post: Calming Supplement Reviews: ZylKene and YuMOVE Calming Care for Cats (Tried and Tested) Beaphar Calming Cat Treats *Now StressLess Herbal Calming Cat Treats. I bought these calming treats on a whim because they were on special offer, but I didn't expect them to have much of an effect. The product description claims they help to reduce the symptoms of distress and unwanted behaviour such as scratching , constant meowing, urine spraying and fighting. Treats contain a mixture of herbs, including: Melissa - calming and soothing with muscle relaxing properties. Lavender - calming scent and properties. Rosemary - reduces stress and anxiety by improving state of wellbeing. Hops - calming and soothing. Lime tree blossom - muscle relaxing properties and appeasing effects. As mentioned previously, my boys are so fussy that they refused to eat the treats by themselves, despite the packaging boasting a "delicious meaty flavour" (aka chicken). The recommended dose for ongoing use is 2 treats per day, which I had to hide in a pile of kibble or other treat biscuits. They're also quite hard to chew, so I wouldn't advise giving them to senior cats or kittens. It was hard to tell if Beaphar treats made much of a difference until the packet ran out. I started to notice that the boys were becoming slightly more reactive to each other - so of course, I bought some more! I eventually stopped giving them to Simba as it seemed unnecessary on top of the YuMOVE, but I still sneak a couple into Drax's Dreamies treats just for something to take the edge off. Every little helps when you parent a couple of skittish cats that have a tendency to take their fears and anxieties out on each other. I wouldn't recommend Beaphar Calming Treats as a standalone remedy, but rather for short-term situations such as prior to a vet visit or stressful event. This is because they don't need time to build up in the system like YuMOVE. Beaphar offers a range of calming products that you can read more about here: Beaphar Cat Calming Products: Diffuser, Spray, Spot-On, Collar and Tablets Pet Remedy Calming Spray Pet Remedy is arguably the most well-known brand after Feliway, although products have one major difference in how they function. Rather than using pheromone technology, Pet Remedy contains a blend of valerian, vetiver, basil and clary sage essential oils. Their range of diffusers, wipes and sprays are clinically proven to work with pets' natural calming systems by mimicking GABA (also an ingredient of YuMOVE) which is a natural calming agent present in all mammals, birds and reptiles. This means products aren't cat specific and can be used on a range of pets, and the low concentration of oils is gentle and starts to help immediately. The spray can be spritzed over bedding, cat trees, carriers or anywhere your kitty likes to hang out to promote calm and relaxation. It's important to remember that Pet Remedy, along with other calming products, are only a support mechanism to help calm excited nerves. There's still a matter of learnt and reactive behaviours to deal with . The main benefit for me is having an extra level of calm for my overly skittish cats. It doesn't take much to spook them into turning on each other, even more so since the aggression started: fireworks, thunder, clanging pots and pans, opening the oven door.... More recently, I've started using Feliway Classic Spray in fighting zones which has made a massive difference as far as reducing unpleasant encounters. Related post: 6 Best Cat Calming Sprays Shop Pet Furniture → Territory Venture Q-Fit Baby Gate Venture isn't only an award-winning UK baby care brand, but this product is suitable for larger pets too! Unlike dogs, it's a common concern when cat proofing the home that they can jump over whatever barrier you put in place. While this isn't specifically built for cats, it stands at 110cm which is taller than your average baby gate. My boys have never attempted to jump over it, and you can block off any visual temptations by draping a blanket or sheet over the top of it. Other features: Expands to fit openings, doorways, halls and staircases with a width of 75cm-84cm. Pressure mounted with included wall cups for added security. Unique 90°  two-way opening door with safety locking feature. Available in black or white. Feandrea Large Cat Tree Tower Cat trees are an essential part of feline furniture, whether you have one cat or an army of them. They're not only beneficial for sleeping, resting and climbing - but safety too. In the wild, cats seek height advantage to look out for or escape larger predators, so it makes sense that they'd use them to avoid other household cats. Feandrea Cat Tree Tower stands at 206cm and has multiple levels, with two cushioned perches, two roomy condos and two hammocks. This was Simba's safe zone and I honestly don't know how we'd have managed without it in those early stages. The height was a great deterrent, as Drax tended to go after him on smaller trees if they could reach to swipe each other. Even if he tried to follow, there was enough time to stop him from getting to the top or encroaching on Simba's space. Simba was able to keep a watchful eye on his brother prowling around the living room during their supervised meetings. Once they grew more tolerant of each other, it provided an opportunity to get used to sharing the same space again and, eventually, sleeping side by side on the two perches. Other features: Large, sturdy base, making it safe for pets to climb without toppling over. Multiple resting spots. Hanging pompoms and scratch posts for added enrichment . PawHut Multi-Level Cat Tree Firstly, PawHut is my favourite brand for cat trees and you can guarantee that products are high quality, sturdy and worth every penny. I invested quite a bit in cat furniture, probably more so than anything else because keeping the boys out of each other's ways was a crucial part of avoiding conflict. I plan on adding more territory over time, including wall-mounted shelving. Providing these avoidance/escape opportunities really made a difference, and I figured the steps would make it easier for Simba to climb up to safety without being cornered - such a horror movie cliché , I know. It was actually Drax that started using them, which was surprising given that he was the bully or chaser in these scenarios. This told me that he didn't want to engage in confrontation but, more likely, he felt that he had no choice. As I've highlighted so many times, stress can have major impacts on a cat's behaviour. Drax seemed to use the steps as a quick exit so he could observe his brother without it falling into a territorial battle. By making sure there was always something to jump onto if they had to pass by each other in close proximity, it gave both cats their own space and Simba's confidence grew from there. I can't stress enough the importance of adding as much territory as your home allows - just a small elevation off ground level makes a huge difference to a cat's personal space. Check out this post for more recommendations: Small Cat Tree Stands and Towers for All Cats (Tried and Tested) Other features: Sisal-wrapped scratching posts for sharpening claws. Made from solid particle board and covered in soft plush fabric. Round top perch, which is quite small for an adult cat but Drax is 5kg and just manages to squeeze onto it. Helps senior cats and kittens to climb. This is a medium-sized cat stand at 100cm tall, which is probably why Simba doesn't use it. Taller cat trees with built-in huts or beds are more suitable for scared or anxious cats to hide in. PEFUNY Cat Window Hammock Window hammocks, seats or perches aren't only great for indoor cats , but convenient for saving space and can be folded up when not in use. There are a few different styles, including hammocks that clip onto window frames that can be easily removed. I was never a fan of the suction cup application due to the danger of them falling off, but they've come a long way in design and features. I recommend PEFUNY for its strong suction power: simply dampen the cups, press onto the window and leave to dry. Some other hammocks use a pressure method, whereby the cups are tightened with screw caps that essentially suck all the air out so they adhere to the glass. You can see an example of this below, modelled by Simba at 6.5kg. While initially the favourite hammock, it started falling off once the screws started to weaken. Another small word of caution, if windows become condensed then it can cause slippage between the glass and suction cups. Always ensure a clean, dry surface for maximum hold. For larger windows, you could apply multiple hammocks to create a fun climbing area. This is a good alternative to wall-mounted shelves that can cause permanent damage to decor. Other features: Double-sided washable mat with a combination of breathable mesh and soft plush for all seasons. Stainless steel frame that can hold up to 18kg. Multiple sizes and styles. Toys and Enrichment Tyasoleil Interactive Cat Toy If you're familiar with this site - and my cats - then you'll know that playtime is more of a chore than entertainment for my lazy dumplings. I've tried numerous interactive toys for the promise of extra stimulation, but they're still more excited by a screwed up ball of paper than a £30 gadget. It doesn't help that they're a couple of wimps that scarper from anything that moves too fast or too noisily. However, this was the only toy I found that distracted them enough to take the focus away from hissing at each other. In fact, it was the first time they were able to sit side by side in a room together for weeks, so I have to give it some credit. Tyasoleil Interactive Cat Toy was actually recommended on another blog that described a similar case of redirected aggression between sibling cats but, unfortunately, I can't remember the name. I'm making the same recommendation in the hopes that it'll help you as much as it helped me in those early stages. So, how does it work? In short, feathers are attached to the wand that slots into a rotating base, and the unpredictable motion patterns mimic real-life prey. There are three play modes: "Escape", where feathers fly through the air; "Hide and Seek" under the plastic sheet; and affixing the base to a cat tree post. Other features: Fleecy base design to prevent slippage. Slow, medium and fast speeds for cats of all ages. USB rechargeable. Auto shut-off after 5 minutes and reactivated by touch so cats can operate the toy themselves. The only downside, along with every other toy, is that the novelty wears off fast and my cats were bored after the initial excitement. To keep things fun, this lives in the toy box and I get it out every other day so it's always something new. Related post: 12 Types of Cat Toys and Games for All Cats to Play LED Cat Laser Pointer Laser pointers should ideally be used in combination with toys so cats have a physical "prey" or reward to avoid frustration, but as far as distraction goes, I was never without a laser pointer in my pocket. You never known when things might kick off, and lasers give cats a focus as well as something to chase. More than that, it allows you to lead cats away from each other or wherever you want them to go. This particular product is multifunctional with a built-in flashlight and UV mode, while the laser comes in a choice of shapes including the standard dot, a smiley face, mouse, butterfly and star. The cute design is comfortable to hold for long periods of time. While these aren't the only products I used when reintroducing my cats, they were the most useful in my experience. With a combination of natural remedies, toys, enrichment and territory, it should be much easier for cats to get along - but it won't happen overnight. Find a process or routine that works best for your cats and, remember, I'm always on hand to offer more products and advice! Information accurate from March 2026 and may be subject to change. Feel free to get in touch if you think this article needs updating. Have you tried any of these recommendations? Did they work for your cats? Feel free to comment with any products or advice that others might find helpful when dealing with inter-cat aggression.

*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases at no cost to you. Recommendations are based on extensive research into products, brands, customer feedback and my own reviews wherever applicable. 12 Best Interactive Cat Toys: Migipaws Interactive Cat Ball Set Catit Senses Play Circuit FurDreams Cat Roller Ball Tower GoldenSun 3-in-1 Interactive Cat Toy Migipaws Interactive MigiMouse Cat Toy Tyasoleil 3-in-1 Interactive Cat Toy PUHOHUN Interactive Feather Cat Toys PUHOHUN Hide and Seek Cat Ball Toy More YVE LIFE Cat Laser Toy Nepfaivy Flapping Bird FeelNeedy 2-in-1 Interactive Cat Toy Nina Ottosson by Catstages Buggin' Out Puzzle & Play Most Recommended View ⇨ GoldenSun 3-in-1 Interactive Cat Toy 🥇  Top Recommended View ⇨ FurDreams Cat Roller Ball Tower 🥈 Best for Kittens View ⇨ Catstages Buggin' Out Puzzle & Play 🥉 Best Food Puzzle We often speak about the benefits of playtime for the domestic kitty, which can have many positive effects on the mind as well as the body. A combination of physical activity, mental stimulation and sensory enrichment can help to alleviate some common problems. The PDSA estimates that over a third of UK cats are overweight . With the exception of certain illnesses, such as arthritis and heart disease, it's usually a case of too much food and not enough movement! The sedentary lifestyle of house cats is a big culprit, especially those with limited space. Outdoor enclosures, catios, cat-proof fencing or walking cats on a harness and leash are all great options, but obesity isn't the only issue cats face. Boredom is a trigger for stress , which can lead to more serious illnesses and behavioural issues like aggression . For younger cats, playtime is essential for socialising and bonding - with both other cats and humans - and confidence building. This is especially true for cats that don't have littermates to learn from or keep them entertained. Modern-day life is busier now more than ever: work, chores and taking care of human family takes priority over our pets. This is where interactive toys come in useful, many of which are motion activated so cats can play at their own leisure, even when you're away from home. Some other benefits of interactive toys include: Stimulates natural hunting instincts and behaviours. A variety of options to suit individual play preferences (moving feathers, rolling balls, flapping fish, etc). No danger to wildlife. With such a huge array of cat toys on the market, including a growing range of interactive options, finding the right toy for your kitty can be time-consuming in itself. This rundown of some popular types of cat toys and games is essential reading if you're new to cat parenting or don't know where to start. Choosing the best toys doesn't rely on quality, durability and product reviews alone - it rests a lot on your cat's unique preferences. If kitty isn't excited by mice or balls, then rolling objects and squeaky toys will leave everyone feeling disappointed. Related post: How to Play with Cats of All Ages: Motivation Tips and Tricks That's why I've gathered a variety of well-researched options, some of which I've tested myself, to bring you the best interactive cat toys of 2026. Hopefully, there's something for everyone - or every kitty! Shop pet supplies 30% off orders over £39 with code UKNEW30 → Click to accept 100 coupon bundle →  Click to accept ⭐⭐⭐ Migipaws Interactive Cat Ball Set Migipaws Cat Ball comes with different attachments for a more interactive experience. Accessories include a fluffy tail and mouse, or you can use your own cat's favourite toy for a unique DIY creation. The motion-activated ball lights up and starts rolling in random directions as soon as it's touched, stimulating your cat's natural instincts to chase and pounce. It can also be placed inside a cardboard box or paper bag to mimic the hunting of small animals, encouraging cats to explore their environment. The ball shuts down after 3 minutes until being activated again and is suitable for carpets, tiles and other hard flooring. It has a built-in USB rechargeable battery. Simple but dynamic, I highly recommend a rolling ball for every kitty toy box. However, this is reported to be very fast and a little noisy so could risk scaring timid cats. Customers state that it's less clunky on carpets, which is great to know that it functions on different textures - unlike some cheaper options. ⭐⭐⭐ 3 / 5 Based on 5,000+ Amazon reviews. ✓   Comes with different attachments. ✕ Noisy. ✓   Lights up. ✕ May get stuck under furniture. ✓   Touch activated. ✕ Expensive. ✓   Rechargeable. It's no secret that I have a couple of wimplings at home, so I can acknowledge the scare factor of noisy toys for some cats and kittens. For this reason, I recommend Jodsen's Pack of Three Plush Balls as an alternative option. Balls come in a variety of colours and each makes a different animal noise (chirping, squeaking and croaking). They vibrate rather than roll and include a small compartment for adding catnip. Lightweight and fluffy, these are easy to whack and won't bash against furniture. ⭐⭐⭐⭐ Catit Senses Play Circuit   This “peek-a-boo” track design stimulates the senses by allowing cats to see, hear, chase and swat the ball through the holes in the lids. Track pieces are clipped together in your chosen arrangement, and the green and grey balls are designed to attract a cat's attention by appealing to their limited colour vision . The Senses 2.0 Circuits can be built and rebuilt into different layouts, depending on how many you buy. Surprise your cat every few days with a fresh, innovative design to keep them entertained. Catit is a top-selling brand on Amazon, with 90% positive ratings from thousands of customers. As a proud owner of this product, along with the Catit Treat Puzzle , I can say the brand offers quality products at affordable prices. ⭐⭐⭐⭐ 4 / 5 Based on 20,000+ Amazon reviews. ✓   No losing balls around the house. ✕   Holes may be too small for large paws. ✓   Easy to assemble and clean. ✕   Limited play options. ✓   Multiple cats can play at once. ✓   No batteries. ⭐⭐⭐⭐ FurDreams Cat Roller Ball Tower   The Roller Ball Tower has three track levels and one colourful ball on each tier. At 7.5 inches high, it's purrfect for kittens and multiple cats to play with together. Balls can be removed for chasing and batting around the floor. The tower is easy to assemble and dismantle for storage and has an anti-slip base. It's available in blue, pink or green. Customers find the toy to be quite stable, despite its lightweight design, and say it keeps cats entertained for hours. It can be left for cats to play with overnight without having to worry about battery life or leaving them unsupervised with electricals. Some report that the balls tend to get stuck on the tracks, which may lead to boredom. ⭐⭐⭐⭐ 4 / 5 Based on 1,000+ Amazon reviews. ✓   Kitten friendly. ✕   Balls get stuck on the tracks. ✓   No batteries or electrical parts. ✕   Won't appeal to all cats. ✓   Sturdy and lightweight.   ⭐⭐⭐⭐ GoldenSun 3-in-1 Interactive Cat Toy GoldenSun Interactive Cat Toy provides endless entertainment with multiple play modes: Spinning balls stimulate the senses with a wide, smooth track so paws don't get stuck. Feathers randomly popping out of holes for swatting and grabbing. Rotating butterflies encourage chasing and pouncing with two speed settings. Butterflies are made from fabric with no sharp edges to catch little eyes and noses. The smart toy has a timer that activates for 10 minutes every 3 hours and automatically turns off at night. Accessories include two butterflies, one ribbon, three feathers and lights for extra attraction. It's available in multiple colour options. Customers appreciate the different play modes and even when turned off, cats can still have fun with the balls. The rechargeable battery is said to last for a whole week, making it a great portable option. Some complain about the butterflies snapping and the toy not being sturdy enough to withstand rough play. ⭐⭐⭐⭐ 4 / 5 Based on 1,000+ Amazon reviews ✓   Three play options. ✕   Butterflies can snap. ✓   Safe and durable. ✕   May topple over. ✓   Refill packs available. ✓   Good battery life. ⭐⭐⭐⭐ Migipaws Interactive MigiMouse Cat Toy The MigiMouse is irresistibly lifelike, with a plush cover, long wiggly tail and built-in squeaker to instantly grab your cat's attention. It rolls, spins and mimics the stop-and-go behaviour of real mice, with unpredictable movements that stimulate the hunting drive to chase, stalk and pounce. It works on both hard floors and carpets. The realistic squeaker has an on/off switch and the tail can be detached. It also features a removeable catnip pouch that you can replace to keep the scent fresh so cats never get bored. The toy's 360° rolling ability ensures it never flips over to prevent getting stuck. The built-in motion sensors automatically reactivate with every tap so cats can play by themselves at any time. The rechargeable battery lasts 5-7 days based on 30 minutes of usage per day, making it ideal for busy pet parents. If you have a timid cat then you might want to let it play with the toy before activating it so they can get used to it first. The Migipaws Interactive MigiMouse is reported to be excellent for keeping outdoor cats entertained when confined to the home, as well as hyperactive kittens. It's lightweight, durable and maneouvres itself out of corners and away from obstacles easily. That being said, it might be a little too noisy and erratic for the scaredy-cats. Some customers complain that the tail can be pulled off, which could be a choking hazard if left unsupervised. Battery life receives mixed feedback, with some saying it lasts well and others saying it needs regular charging. This likely depends on how much the toy is being used. Replacement tails are available to purchase, and style options include a mouse or hamster toy. ⭐⭐⭐ ⭐ 4 / 5 Based on 2,000+ Amazon reviews. ✓   Realistic. ✕   Noisy. ✓   Multiple play functions. ✕   Tail comes off. ✓   Catnip pouch. ✓   Available in two styles ⭐⭐⭐⭐ Tyasoleil 3-in-1 Interactive Cat Toy Tyasoleil Interactive Cat Toy features a wand that slots into a rotating base with attachable feathers and worms. The unpredictable motion patterns mimic real-life prey, and there are three play modes to choose from: "Escape" where feathers fly through the air for catching and batting. "Hide and Seek" under the plastic cover for stalking and chasing. Affixing the base to a cat tree post.   The toy has slow, medium and fast speeds for cats of all ages. It runs for 5 minutes before going into auto-standby for 30 minutes to save battery life. As it's touch sensitive, cats can reactivate the toy by playing with it. The product has durability in mind, with reinforced gears and a strong conveyor belt to increase lifespan. The wand has a screw-in design to prevent snapping, while the fleecy base stops it from slipping on different flooring. It's also USB rechargeable. If you’ve read the Top 10 Products I Used to Help Reintroduce Fighting Cats then you may know I'm a fan of this product. While the motor is super quiet, most of the noise comes from the attachments spinning around under the plastic cover. This is entertaining without being overbearing and, by some miracle, helped to stop my cats from glaring at each other. It's not the kind of sound you want to hear while watching TV, but you can leave it in another room with the convenience of knowing cats can activate it themselves (after a few lessons!). My only gripe is that the cover gets a little rumpled which can stop the toy from rotating, and it's not great for spinning on carpets. However, the other play modes don't have this problem. ⭐⭐⭐⭐ 4 / 5 Based on 800+ Amazon reviews ✓   Choice of oval or round cover. ✕   Better on hard flooring. ✓   Three play modes and speed settings. ✕   Need the correct screws for attaching to cat trees. ✓   Refills easily obtainable. ✓   Good battery life. Visit ⭐⭐⭐⭐ PUHOHUN Interactive Feather Cat Toy This interactive cat toy is designed to unleash the hunter within and features three gameplay modes: "Whack-a-Mole" with chicks popping in and out of the holes. Feathers spinning at the bottom. Multi-cat game, allowing multiple cats to play.   The toy has a silent design and automatic rest function, pausing for 5 minutes after 15 minutes of play. A 2-hour charge keeps cats entertained all day. Customers say their cats enjoy the different games and that it has a good battery life. Despite the quiet motor, the toy isn't as silent as it claims to be. It's also smaller than it looks and is easily pulled over, but the durable design prevents breakage. Some question value for money due to the small size. ⭐⭐⭐⭐ 4 / 5 Based on 200+ Amazon reviews. ✓ Three play modes. ✕   Small size. ✓  Quiet motor. ✕   Can be pulled over. ✓  Suitable for multiple cats. ⭐⭐⭐⭐ PUHOHUN Hide and Seek Cat Ball Toy   Puhohun Cat Ball is thoughtfully designed to mimic the motions and sounds of natural prey, with three speed settings and incorporated chirping sounds. The rechargeable ball is made from silicone with a collision-proof furry apron to ensure a quiet play experience. Simply place it inside the bag to provide endless fun without the hassle of losing balls, or it can be left to roll free around the floor if preferred. Some cats don't like the rustling sound of the bag, while others enjoy pouncing on it. However, the ball can become stuck if the bag gets rumpled or cats sit on it. It's said to motivate less playful cats and is large enough for multiple kitties to play at once. It also has a good battery life. ⭐⭐⭐⭐ 4 / 5 Based on 800+ Amazon reviews. ✓   Ball can be used inside or outside of the bag. ✕   Might scare some cats. ✓   Quiet, safe design. ✕   Ball can get stuck. ✓   Large enough for multiple cats. ⭐⭐⭐⭐ YVE LIFE Cat Laser Toy   This interactive laser toy has a silent dual motor that moves the laser point trajectory randomly rather than the usual circles, keeping cats engaged for longer. It has three speed modes (fast, slow and mixed) to meet the different activity levels of cats and should be placed off the ground to allow for a wider motion range. When the smart sensor detects your pet moving, it automatically works for 15 minutes before turning off. It has a sensing distance of up to 160 inches (4 metres) and can only be activated once every 2 hours. The toy is USB rechargeable and lasts for 2-3 days. While the random motion patterns are more entertaining, some customers would prefer a faster speed setting as their cats lose interest quickly. It's also said that a full charge doesn't last all day. Having bought this product myself, it's important to switch off the toy if it's not going to be used as the sensor will detect people as well as pets every 2 hours. ⭐⭐⭐⭐ 4 / 5 Based on 2,000+ Amazon reviews. ✓   Quiet motor. ✕   Cats get bored easily. ✓   Random motion patterns. ✕   Short battery life if used all day. ✓   Different speed settings.   ⭐⭐⭐⭐ Nepfaivy Flapping Bird When cats pat or bat this plush toy, the built-in touch sensor activates and it flaps its wings while chirping like a real bird. It has three types of flapping speeds, a lifelike appearance and sound for a more authentic hunting experience. After interaction, the bird stops moving until being touched to conserve energy. The bird is made from pure cotton and soft plush fleece, and it's designed to withstand biting and clawing. It benefits from a zip-up pouch where you can add catnip  for increased stimulation and stress reduction. The motor is hidden within the zip pouch and can be charged via the supplied USB cable and removed for cleaning. A 60-minute charge provides up to 200 movement cycles. It should be noted that the bird doesn't fly, but it does contain a hook attachment so it can be hung to mimic flying; although some cats find the large size and movements slightly overbearing. Available designs include a sparrow, woodpecker and sandpiper bird. ⭐⭐⭐⭐ 4 / 5 Based on 2,000+ Amazon reviews. ✓   Mimics natural prey. ✕   Large size and noise might scare cats. ✓   Durable. ✕   Expensive. ✓   Catnip included. ⭐⭐⭐⭐ FeelNeedy 2-in-1 Interactive Cat Toy This interactive cat toy can be hung over doors, cat trees or window frames with an adjustable spring clip, and the movement of the "prey" bouncing on the elastic rope stimulates a cat's predatory instincts. Ideal for when you don't have time to play with a feather wand or teaser. The toy comes with feather and mouse accessories, as well as a red laser dot for different play modes: Mode 1: red dot and feather/mouse start up together. Mode 2: feather and mouse only. After 5 minutes of operation, the toy will automatically pause for 4 hours but can be restarted anytime by pulling the rope, after which it resumes for another 5-minute session. It has a built-in rechargeable battery. The toy is equipped with two different lengths of rope, and the feather and mouse are made from durable, non-toxic materials. Customers say it's great for indoor cats and the laser is a nice touch; however, depending on how the toy is hung, the dot might point onto the wall instead of the floor. ⭐⭐⭐⭐ 4 / 5 Based on 600+ Amazon reviews. ✓   Touch activated. ✕   Laser can be unpredictable. ✓   Different play modes. ✕   Best used under supervision. ✓   Alternative option comes with 8pc teaser set. ⭐⭐⭐⭐ Nina Ottosson by Catstages Buggin' Out Puzzle & Play The Castages Buggin' Out Puzzle stimulates cats' natural foraging instincts with sixteen hidden treat compartments in an ultra-cute design. Difficulty levels vary from simple to advanced to challenge kitties and keep them mentally engaged. Puzzles can also be used to replace food bowls for daily feeding, preventing cats from eating too much or all at once. While humans use vision to navigate the world, cats use their keen sense of smell to gather information and problem solve. By providing your cat with daily treat puzzles, you're enriching their life in a way that other toys and activities don't. The product is made from food-safe materials with no removable parts so you don't have to worry about pieces being pulled off. It's also available in a variety of designs. Customers say the puzzle successfully slows down eating time and is an excellent engagement toy. While some consider it a fun boredom breaker, others say it's too easy to solve and may not be effective on cats that aren't food motivated. Occasionally, treats fall between layers of the puzzle and get stuck. ⭐⭐⭐⭐ 4 / 5 Based on 19,000+ Amazon reviews. ✓   Different difficulty levels. ✕   Too easy. ✓   Mentally stimulating. ✕   May not appeal to all cats. ✓   Helps weight management. Interactive toys are best used under supervision due to small batteries. Toys should be regularly checked for broken parts and replaced if necessary. Never leave electricals unattended while charging. Information is accurate from February 2026 and may be subject to change. Feel free to get in touch if you think this article needs updating. Have you bought any of these interactive toys? Do you have another recommendation or think any great products missed the list? Let us know in the comments!

*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases at no cost to you. 6 Cat Enrichment Ideas: Climbing Areas, Cat Trees & Scratch Posts Horizontal Shelves & Perches Safe Places, Boxes and Tunnels Toys , Games & Puzzles Catios & Outdoors Sensory Stimulation Enrichment isn't just for indoor cats , it's beneficial for every domestic feline because even those that have the freedom to roam are a world apart from their natural habitats. Not everyone has the luxury of a woodland in their back garden or living smack bang in the middle of the countryside. Built-up towns and cities don't provide the same opportunities that a cat would get in the wild, so it's a case of tapping into one's creativity to stimulate as many of those feline instincts as possible. Cats are born hunters, which means they love to engage with and explore their environment. The home setting comes with many limitations for an indoor cat, whether you live in a one-bed flat or 100-metre skyscraper. It's not uncommon to see some level of stress and/or behavioural issues in our feline friends, as is evident from the flood of anxiety remedies on the market - yes, I'm looking at you, Feli way ! Toys and play are great for stimulating a cat's predatory instincts and physical exercise, but enrichment goes way deeper than that. It focuses on their environment and senses to improve mental and emotional wellbeing. Related post: How to Play with Cats of All Ages: Motivation Tips and Tricks Climbing Areas, Cat Trees & Scratch Posts Cats are natural climbers, but that doesn't mean all cats like to climb; just that they can if they want to, which usually involves surfing the kitchen counters or trampling over your new sofa. In the wild, they'd be using their powerful leg muscles and agility for escaping predators and hunting. This allows them to climb vertical surfaces like trees with ease. This can be hard to imagine when we look at our lazy (and in some cases, chubby) domestic cats, but oftentimes they've lost touch with their abilities because they have no need for them. Cat trees come in all sizes, from small one-seaters - which are great for kittens and senior cats - all the way up to ceiling height. Conlun Cat Scratcher Box features 2 holes for playing and a double-sided corrugated cardboard scratcher that can be used as a base or removed. Scratch posts, mats and boards give cats a chance to use their muscles, stretch their limbs and bodies; as well as sharpening claws and marking territory. Even if your kitty doesn't have a passion for climbing, there's still a lot you can do to get them moving. PawHut Floor-to-Ceiling Cat Tree has multiple levels with two ramps, two condos, two hammocks, a cat tunnel, hanging pompoms and scratch posts for multiple cats to zoom up and down. Horizontal Shelves & Perches As well as hunting and climbing, cats love to explore and observe their surroundings. In fact, they're sometimes known as "scanners" in the sense that they use multiple senses to scan their environment and create a mental map, of sorts. This way, they can quickly detect if something changes and react accordingly. If you have a kitty that seems to hate closed doors or blocked off areas, it's because they need to be familiar with every corner of their territory to ensure there are plenty of escape routes, safe places and access points. My Drax goes through the trouble of pushing open every door in the house, multiple times a day. In short, cats would make fantastic security guards! PawHut Cat Stand with a large polyester bed, jute scratching posts and two hanging pompoms. Stands at 42cm and made from sturdy particle board with a wide base to prevent toppling. The point here is that even if you have an inactive or low-energy kitty, it's essential to provide a variety of different levels for observation purposes. As well as vertical surfaces, horizontal platforms can provide a fun kitty climbing frame while adding extra territory, thus minimising problem behaviours such as inter-cat aggression . Wall-mounted shelves and ladders can be installed in a few simple steps (pardon the pun) but these won't be suitable for every home, particularly rented properties. Window hammocks are a great alternative as they use suction cups that stick to the glass, so you could apply multiple hammocks to a single window. For more budget-friendly options, you can turn furniture you already have into cat beds by placing a blanket, towel or basket on top of drawers and units; with a stool to climb up if necessary. Placement also helps, such as positioning a sofa or coffee table in front of a window for some outdoors viewing. PawHut 4PCs Wall-Mounted Climbing Shelves includes a plush hammock, nest, jumping platforms, ladder and scratch post for smaller areas where floor space is limited. Safe Places, Boxes and Tunnels It's important to remember that cats are also prey to larger animals in the wild, so their first response to danger is either running or hiding. Physical conflict is usually a last resort, but as with any creatures, some are cockier than others! Cats feel a sense of safety and security in small enclosed spaces, which you might have noticed in their obsession with cardboard boxes. Cat huts, tents and tunnels provide a cosy retreat from noisy humans and other household pets. You can even get wall-mounted huts for height advantage. Underbed spaces, wardrobes and homemade blanket dens can all be utilised without costing you a penny. Related post: 10 Best Types of Cat Beds Catit Play Treat Puzzle Slow Feeder has 6 fun activities that stimulate cats to work for their food. Place treats or kibble in the different sections to encourage natural hunting instincts and foraging. Toys, Games & Puzzles It goes without saying that providing a variety of toys  to suit your cat's age and preferences is essential for mental and physical stimulation. Puzzle feeders or treat dispensers and interactive toys provide more of a challenge and encourage natural hunting behaviours. Obstacle courses can be made using tunnels, huts, ramps and different level platforms if your home allows for it. If you have the space, a cat exercise wheel is perfect for felines that love to run. A very simple game that combines play and mental stimulation is to get a large box, fill it with balls of screwed up paper and toss in a handful of treats for some foraging fun. This stimulates all of the senses at once while promising a tasty reward! For more budget-friendly ideas, check out this fun-filled post: DIY Cat Toys That Are Cheap and Easy to Make: Step-by-Step Guides Catios & Outdoors If you decide to let your indoor cat experience the outside world, there are plenty of safe ways to do this. For example, using a harness to "walk" your cat for some fresh air and exercise, even if it's just a few laps around the garden. Make sure cats are harness trained first, as safety is paramount to an enjoyable experience for both kitty and their guardian. Cats aren't dogs and should never be forced into activities that cause fear or distress. Related post: Best Harnesses for Cats and Kittens PEFUNY Cat Window Hammock features powerful suction cups and a stainless steel frame that can hold a weight of up to 18kg. Double-sided fabric makes it suitable for all seasons and it can be folded up when not in use. Keeping cats indoors remains a topic of debate and is even frowned upon by some, but there's a lot to consider and each case is unique to your individual cat and/or circumstances. Heavily built-up areas, busy roads and neighbours with dogs can be a potential death trap, especially for nervous kitties that run from danger. Injured or missing cats is a parent's worst nightmare - and I've experienced both. Catios are becoming more popular with parents that want to give their cats some outdoor space without the risks. This is an enclosure constructed from a wooden frame and mesh wire that can either be added as an extension from a door or window; or self-contained with a gate. Larger catios can be kitted out with shelving, cat trees and huts for extra enrichment, but it's an investment that not all can afford. Visit I highly recommend Omlet for their customisable and secure catios, balcony enclosures and outdoor cat trees. If your garden is suitable, fences can be adapted with wire tops that are installed at such an angle that cats are unable to jump over. These can be helpful for preventing strays from entering the garden, limiting the chances of aggression or territorial behaviour. This can also be a risk with window gazing, so be sure to keep an eye out and close any curtains overnight. Related post:   The 8 Best Cat Deterrents for Gardens and Yards Sensory Stimulation Visual Visual enrichment is particularly beneficial for indoor cats that don't get to experience any wildlife. YouTube is my go-to, with thousands of live footage nature videos and cartoon animal games. You could also set up a bird feeder outside of a window for cats to observe, but not for too long or they might get frustrated. Sound Hearing is a cat's super sense, with the ability to hear frequencies of up to three times higher than a human, at a distance of four to five times further away! Similar to videos, cats may enjoy listening to the sounds of wildlife while they're resting to mimic what they'd hear in the wild. If possible, open a window or install a cat-proof lock or screen to prevent escape. You could also play reiki healing music to soothe and relax. This is a sound therapy composed of gentle melodies and vibrations set at cat-specific frequencies (hertz) for energetic healing. Shop Premium Cat Food → Get 20% off your first order over £20 Code: CATMUMJOURNAL20 Scent Smell is more than a super sense but a cat's primary form of communication. This is how they greet each other (humans, too!) and mark their environment as safe and familiar. New odours encourage cats to explore, so you can start by placing blankets or objects already covered in their scent in different areas of the home to boost security. Substances such as catnip and silvervine stimulate a cat's pheromone receptors when sniffed for a healthy dose of euphoria. Related post:   Silvervine for Cats: Powder and Stick Reviews (Tried and Tested) Taste Taste is a matter of preference and cats will often show aversion to unfamiliar foods, but with a bit of enticing, their curious nature might get the better of them. Offer different flavours and textures of food, treats or snacks (in moderation) and specially-formulated cat milk for something different. Cat grass is also great for chewing. Pack'n Pride Freeze Dried Cat Treats are made with 100% chicken breast. Feed as a reward, soak in water to get a fresh chicken cube or use as a food topper. No preservatives, grains or by-products and great for sensitive stomachs. Touch Touch is something that both cats and humans can benefit from - who doesn't love bonding time with their furries? Showing affection through petting and brushing can be mutually rewarding, but some cats like to pick and choose when they want human contact. The 3.0 Cat Self-Groomer allows cats to pamper themselves at their own leisure or when you're away from home. It's designed with ABS plastic bristles for gentle massage as cats rub against it, helping to remove and collect loose hair. It can be mounted on walls or corner surfaces and contains a catnip compartment to attract cats. You can also offer toys with a variety of textures, such as soft toys and feathers that mimic natural prey. Paper bags (with handles removed) are great for hiding in and cats seem to love the rustling noise, too. For more ideas on how to support your cat's physical and emotional needs, check out this post: Holistic Cat Care: Natural Support for Feline Health and Wellbeing Mentioned Products PawHut Floor to Ceiling Cat Tree PawHut 4PCS Wall-Mounted Cat Shelves 3.0 Softer Cat Self-Groomer Catit Senses Grass Planter Do you have indoor or outdoor kitties? Have you come up with any creative enrichment ideas that you'd love to share? Let us know in the comments.

*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases at no cost to you. In this article: How to Exercise an Obese Cat Treats and Puzzle Feeders Food and Mealtimes Making a Weight Loss Plan Obesity in cats is a growing concern, with up to 60% of cats being overweight according to the Association for Pet Obesity Prevention . The rise of indoor cats and poor quality food are contributing factors - think about it, when was the last time you saw a wild cat that was overweight? Fat starts to accumulate around the internal organs of animals before being visible, which can seriously affect their health and quality of life. Conditions related to obesity include: Diabetes. Arthritis. Heart disease. Liver disease. Cancer. Behavioural problems like anxiety and aggression due to lack of stimulation. When you see your cat every day, it's not always noticeable when they lose or gain weight. I've been in both of these situations, most recently with my chunky monkey, Simba. Restricting calorie intake must be done gradually and works best in combination with gentle exercise. Keeping a record of your cat's weight will help to keep an eye on any progress made. Spritool Pet Scale for small to medium pets under 30kg. Features advanced sensors for high accuracy and a hold button to lock in weight when your pet stops moving. Measures in kg, lb, oz and grams. How to Exercise an Obese Cat Play Exercising cats at home can be challenging at the best of times - even healthy ones aren't always interested in play. Obese cats may have limited mobility, low energy levels and tire easily, so leaping three feet into the air after a feather wand might be difficult. The aim is to encourage movement in order to improve your cat's overall health and wellbeing. Start with gentle exercise and increase activity over a number of play sessions as your cat builds up stamina and flexibility. Schedule short 5-minute sessions once or twice a day and monitor for signs of fatigue so you know when it's time to stop. Ideally, cats should get 30-45 minutes of playtime per day, broken up into 10-15 minute sessions to make use of their short bursts of energy. Toys Provide a variety of toys that stimulate hunting instincts and determine which your kitty responds to most, avoiding high jumps and bouts of sprinting to avoid exertion or injury. Soft toys like mice or birds can be batted and grappled, and they're great for older cats with aching joints. Feather wands and laser pointers can be used by moving the wand or laser slowly across the floor to guide them around the room, encouraging chasing and pouncing. Balls or rolling toys have a similar effect, prompting cats to chase and bat. Interactive toys can be left for cats to play with at their own leisure while you're away from home or at work. These are usually battery operated and have unpredictable motion patterns to keep cats engaged for longer. Leave toys in different areas of the home to provide an engaging environment. You can use catnip or silvervine to stimulate playfulness and encourage interaction. Rotating toys regularly will help to keep your cat interested, and some respond well to new textures or sounds. For more tips and advice, this post is essential reading: How to Play with Cats of All Ages: Motivation Tips and Tricks Mew & Friends Silvervine Powder is a more potent alternative to catnip that can be used to stimulate playful behaviour. Made from the fruit and stems of the Actinidia polygama plant, it's 100% natural and non-toxic for cats. Other Forms of Exercise Add more levels to your home like shelving, cat trees or scratch posts for cats to climb up and down. If you have the space, you could invest in a pet exercise wheel! Indoor cats can still benefit from a daily dose of fresh air if they're harness trained - just taking them on a stroll around the garden improves exercise and mobility. Treats and Puzzle Feeders Treats Cutting treats out of an obese cat's diet sounds like a good option - in theory. Food is a powerful motivator and, with the right strategy, it can help a great deal with weight loss training. Treats do need to be limited with a cat that's overweight, as too many will defeat the purpose! Rather than offering them as rewards, you can use treats to encourage exploration by hiding them around the home. Cats will have to walk around to sniff them out. Remember, treats should make up less than 10% of a cat's daily calorie intake. To make them last longer, try breaking them in half if they're big enough. You should stick to healthy, natural treats that are high in protein with minimal - ideally, zero - cereals, vegetables or other fillers. I recommend single-ingredient, freeze-dried snacks like KatKin Salmon Nibbles or thrive 100% Chicken Treats . These are exactly what they say on the tin: 100% meat with minimal processing, just as nature intended. You can also make your own healthy treats using recipes from reputable websites. This way, you know exactly what ingredients are going into your cat's food. PetSafe Egg-Cersizer and SlimCat Dispenser Toys can be filled with treats or kibble that falls through the holes when batted around. Holes are adjustable to make it easier or more challenging. Toys help to slow down feeing, tackle obesity and stimulate hunting instincts. Puzzle Feeders Puzzle feeders like the Catstages Buggin' Out Puzzle & Play require your cat to work for their food by digging and foraging. While they're mainly used for treats, some parents use them instead of bowls to slow down eating and prevent vomiting that results from scoffing large amounts of food. Treat balls encourage cats to bat the feeder around so treats fall through the holes. For wet food, pâté and the occasional treat like tuna, Bugalugs Licky Mats provide additional enrichment. Food and Mealtimes Scheduled mealtimes not only satisfy a cat's need for routine, but they make a great post-play reward. Your cat will learn to associate food with exercise, and you're not feeding them anything extra! If your home has multiple storeys then you could create a food station on the upper floor so kitty has to climb the stairs. Alternatively, you can place their bowl on a cat tree or other elevated surface so it has to climb up for its meal - just make sure it's within reach to avoid frustration. These approaches combine exercise with positive reinforcement, making the activity more enjoyable. PawHut Multi-Level Cat Tree with steps for pets to safely climb up and down. Great for kittens learning to climb, seniors that find jumping difficult and keeping cats active. Includes sisal-wrapped scratching posts and a plush-covered perch. If you have multiple cats that share the same food and one is overweight, it can be difficult to manage their calorie intake. I encountered this issue shortly after putting Simba on his diet as he started eating Drax's food, which he'd previously ignored, out of hunger. Drax doesn't finish his meals in one go so I had to keep hiding the bowl, which can be inconvenient and not always possible if you're unable to monitor them all day. Feeding cats in separate rooms is the easiest solution, which may work if there are no leftovers to scavenge. If your fat cat is unable to climb then you can feed the healthy cat on a table or other raised surface where it can't reach. Visit A little trick I picked up was to put Drax's food under the bed as there was a small gap that Simba couldn't fit through, but it only worked until he realised that he could squeeze in if he tried. He's by no means obese but not slender either, so this may be more effective with an extra fat cat. Another option is to cut a hole in a cardboard box that's large enough for the healthy cat but too small for the overweight cat. If you're out of the house for long periods of time then you might want to invest in a microchip feeder like the Sure PetCare SureFeed Microchip Feeder that only opens for authorised pets based on their microchip or RFID collar tag. Standard automatic feeders are also useful for scheduling mealtimes when you're not at home. Quality Nutrition Maintaining a healthy weight doesn't rely on dieting and exercise alone. The best thing you can do for your cat is to eliminate dry food from its diet, since it's packed with carbohydrates like grains and vegetables. While so-called weight loss formulas may contain less fat, this is typically replaced with carbohydrates as an alternative energy source - which isn't much better for them. In some cases, cats may still lose weight but suffer other issues as a result of low animal protein. Learn more in this post: Cats and Carbohydrates: Is Dry Cat Food Bad for Cats? Wet food is more species appropriate, with higher moisture and animal protein contents, so cats are getting the hydration they need and fewer calories per portion. If your budget allows, you might consider investing in a fresh food company that best replicates a cat's natural diet. Alternatively, a premium cat food brand like Edgard & Cooper provides a balance of quality and affordability. Edgard & Cooper Chunks in Sauce made with fresh meat and gently cooked. Grain-free with no artificial colours, flavourings or preservatives. Whatever diet you opt for, you should avoid free feeding at all costs! If your cat is a grazer then it has no reason to work for its food, and the only exercise it gets is walking to and from its bowl. While your cat won't be happy with the change initially, set mealtimes and the correct portion sizes will help to create a healthier routine and allows you to keep an eye on their calorie intake. If you're unsure what or how much to feed your cat, you can work with a vet or veterinary nutritionist to create a feeding plan that supports their activity levels and goals. For more feeding tips, refer to these step-by-step guides: How to Calculate the Calorie Content of Cat Food How Many Calories Does My Cat Need? Making a Weight Loss Plan Helping an obese cat to shed its extra pounds takes time and persistence, much like people. Losing weight too quickly will likely do more harm than good as it can lead to fatty liver disease. This is caused by an excess of fat in the liver cells that typically follows a period of anorexia. When a cat isn't getting enough energy from its food, the body breaks down stored fats that get processed by the liver. If the liver is unable to break down the fats quickly enough then it starts to build up, resulting in hepatic lipidosis (fatty liver disease). Since overweight cats carry more excess fat than normal cats, they're at a higher risk of liver disease. Visit Use the checklist below to make your weight loss plan, or make some notes to discuss at your next vet appointment. Schedule playtime into your cat's daily routine, starting with a couple of 5-minute sessions and gradually increasing intensity and duration. Plan mealtimes as a post-workout reward and to build a routine. Use treats sparingly and to encourage movement by hiding around the home, on cat trees, furniture, etc. Provide a variety of toys, climbing areas and scratchers to reduce boredom. Include a sprinkle of catnip if your cat is responsive. Choose a quality high-protein, low-carb food (ideally fresh or wet food). Measure portion sizes according to feeding instructions or your own calculations. If necessary, make a plan with your vet. Monitoring Progress Be sure to keep track of your cat's activity levels and weight, noting the playtime duration and types of toys they respond to. Signs of improvement might include: More willingness to play. Longer play sessions. Improved mobility. Increased energy levels. Weight loss or stabilisation. If your cat is showing signs of pain or lethargy, or weight gain is sudden and unexplained, consult a vet so they can check for underlying health issues. The most important thing to remember is that consistency is key. Weight loss should be slow, controlled and ideally under the supervision of a vet. A successful plan should include a combination of diet, exercise, stimulation and enrichment . Your cat will certainly complain if it's used to having food whenever it wants, but the stricter you are, the faster they'll get used to their new routine - and you could be saving yourself a fortune in vet bills later down the line. It's an owner's responsibility to ensure that cats live as healthy life as possible, which means saying no to extra portions and the overindulgence of snacks. The overall aim should be preventing obesity before it has a chance to become an issue. Trust me when I say that it'll be harder for you than your kitty! Mentioned Products KatKin Salmon Nibbles thrive 100% Chicken Treats Sure Petcare SureFeed Microchip Feeder Catstages Buggin' Out Puzzle & Play Bugalugs Licky Mats Do you have your own chunky monkey at home? Share your weight loss plan and let us know if any of these tips helped.

*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases at no cost to you. 3 Reasons Why Your Bonded Cats Are Fighting: Health Territory Stress We've all heard the term "cat fight" but we might not stop to think about what it really means until finding ourselves caught in the middle of one. Given everything we know about our feline friends and possible causes of aggression, it should come as no surprise that household cats may squabble on occasion. Whether it's one cat stealing another's bed or unintentionally blocking access to the litter tray, miscommunications and misunderstandings are commonplace in multi-cat households. The problem occurs when bonded or sibling cats that have been living in harmony for years are suddenly at war with one another. I can say without a doubt that this was one of the worst experiences of my life, and messages from you lovely readers tell me that I'm not alone. When it comes to feline aggression, there are so many sub-topics that branch off into different areas. At the risk of repeating myself, this article will cover in more detail three main reasons why bonded cats are fighting and how you can help. Related post: Feline Aggression: How to Stop Cats Fighting and Attacking Other Cats Health Even if cats seem to be in good health, it's crucial to get them checked over by a vet to rule out any medical issues and seek treatment if necessary. Cats are both predators and prey in the wild, meaning they'll hide their ailments for as long as possible. Painful diseases such as arthritis, UTIs and dental problems could be making your cat grumpy; as well as hyperthyroidism and other conditions. Cats can also sense illness in other cats, so if you have a bully on your hands then it may be picking on a weaker or infirm kitty because it's less likely to retaliate. If your cats haven’t been neutered or spayed then this is the first piece of advice your vet should offer. Hormones aside, some cats are or can be overly territorial by nature; others simply don’t get on with other cats, particularly in cases of new additions whereby a hierarchy hasn’t been established. It’s also not uncommon for cats that previously got along to suddenly decide they no longer care for each other. While I initially wondered if this was the case with my boys, it didn’t explain Drax’s random bouts of aggression. With a history if UTIs (urinary tract infections) it made sense to get a health check-up, and it was discovered that he had crystals in his wee: a condition that can cause painful urination and bladder inflammation. Whether this was or wasn’t contributing to Drax’s mood swings, treatment required a strict diet change to urinary food - a challenge all by itself. Trying to introduce a cat to new food at the same time as managing aggression felt like an extra kick in the face, particularly as the two go hand in hand. Food is one of the best distractions and a vital part of the separation and reintroduction process . The most important thing to note is that no matter how much your kitties hate that vet’s office (or how much you dread taking them) the sooner you get it over with, the sooner you can deal with any underlying issues.   Is your kitty in need of a health check-up? Follow this helpful guide on how to prepare cats for a vet visit . Territory The territorial nature of felines is as instinctive as eating and sleeping and has evolved over thousands of years. In the wild, cats are solitary creatures that only come together for the purpose of mating. Other reasons they might encounter each other are competing for food (prey) or one cat entering another cat's territory. Cats use many different scent glands around their bodies, including the face, paws and urine to let other cats know that an area is marked or "claimed". It also helps them to feel safe and comfortable within an environment when surrounded by their own scent. Comfort Zone Plug-In Pheromone Diffuser for single or multi-cat homes. Creates a calm, relaxing environment to help reduce stress and other problem behaviours, as well as tension and fighting between household cats. When we consider all of this, along with body language , gestures and vocalisations, cats are so well equipped to warn and defend that coming to blows in a physical fight is usually a last resort. The good news is that with the gradual domestication of cats and less need to protect or compete for resources, such as food and shelter, their ability to form social bonds has also increased. Despite this, living indoors is so far from a cat's natural habitat that we should be thankful they can live together at all. Even cats that coexist well and are used to sharing a space may enter into territorial disputes if they feel a need to defend their marked patch. Related post: Indoor and House Cat Care Guide A cat's territory can include anything from houses and gardens to streets and neighbourhoods. How willing they are to engage in physical conflict varies from cat to cat, as some will be more confident or dominant than others. There's some debate about whether bullying is abnormal behaviour for cats; after all, we humans are the reason why they're living in unnatural habitats and conditions, being forced to cohabit with other animals and confined to small areas. PawHut Multi-level Cat Tree with a spacious condo, soft padded top bed and middle perch. Includes a hanging ball, sisal posts and massage toy. Tree stands at 85cm and is perfect for cats of all ages. It's true in the case of outdoor cats, that if they weren't happy with their living arrangements then they simply wouldn't return to their owners. Yet their owners offer shelter, warmth, food and attention, which is seemingly enough to keep them coming back for more. I'm sure there's a word for this in human terms! We can't condemn cats for defending their territory, all we can do is offer more of it. More food and water stations, more litter trays, more sleeping areas, more perches and stands - more everything! It's also about knowing your cat and what's normal behaviour for them. If you have a placid or submissive kitty that suddenly turns aggressive overnight, as was the case with Drax, then there's a good chance that he or she is in need of help. Keeping cats stimulated, active and engaged can go a long way in helping to prevent or limit antisocial behaviour. Discover more tips in this helpful post: Cat Enrichment Ideas and Boredom Breakers for Indoor Cats Stress Stress in cats can be caused by a multitude of emotional, psychological or health-related issues. It's also possible for stress to trigger certain conditions - cystitis, for example - so it's not surprising that it can effect cats on a behavioural level, too. All felines are sensitive to change, particularly when it concerns their environment, and external situations can cause anxiety or fear-based reactions that may seem overdramatic to humans. Getting spooked by a loud noise, a stranger entering the house or seeing a stray cat through a window are all examples of possible triggers for redirected aggression . Feliway Classic Spray contains pheromones that help to reduce common signs of stress. Can be used during major changes including renovations, travel and vet visits. Available in 20ml or 60ml bottles that are suitable for use at home or on the go. These situations can trigger an emotional response known as the "fight-or-flight" mechanism, which prepares the body for danger with a huge adrenaline spike. People that suffer from anxiety-related disorders may be all-too familiar with this sensation: panic attacks, fear and danger are capable of throwing any human into survival mode. Cats have a strong innate survival instinct due to being in danger of predators in the wild, meaning simple misunderstandings can escalate into physical altercations. The amount of time it takes for adrenaline to leave the system can vary from hours to days, or sometimes longer. In some cases, tension between household cats may have been brewing for some time without your knowledge, as signs of aggression can be very subtle to the untrained eye. It might seem as though your cats have suddenly started fighting after living in harmony for years, but it's more likely that either one or both of them have finally reached a breaking point. Related post: Signs of Stress in Cats, Causes and Treatment It's relatively easy to distinguish who the aggressor or bully is going off behaviour alone. Victim cats will run and hide, spending a lot of time in safe places such as cat trees and stands. They may react dramatically with defensive postures, hissing or growling whenever the bully encroaches on its space. If it isn't outright attacking then this is a clear indication of defensive aggression. Your bully, on the other hand, may stare, follow, chase, stalk and ambush; as well as claiming beds and resting places by pushing the other cat off, jumping or pouncing on them. It will also block access to resources, entry and exit points by positioning itself in doorways and corridors. As mentioned, this can be very subtle and appear as though the cat is innocently resting in a non-specific location. Related post: Where to Put a Cat's Food and Water Bowls, Litter Tray, Bedding and Other Essential Resources The more the victim reacts, the worse the bullying gets, with the aim of driving it out of their territory. This might have been going on for some time before it becomes noticeable, with the victim using avoidance tactics so they appear to be getting along. In reality, it could be a culmination of days, weeks or months of pent-up frustration and stress boiling to the surface. What to Do If Your Cats Are Fighting Assuming you've made it through the vet trip and arranged treatment for any issues or, even better, your kitties have been given the all clear, it's time to put all of the above into practice to identify the type of aggression being displayed. If your vet hasn't referred you to a behaviourist and you want to go down that route, it's relatively easy to search online for a reputable expert in your area or one that may be willing to work with you remotely.​ I recommend spending some one-on-one time with your cats and keeping a journal of every aspect of their behaviour that stands out as being odd or unusual. Are the concerned parties happy by themselves? Do their moods change once they’re in the same room or face to face? Are they okay in certain areas of the home but not in others? Where do they fight most? What leads up to the fights? What kind of aggression is being displayed? Is it offensive or defensive? Do these roles switch or stay the same? Is there a clear “bully” and a clear “victim”? In the case of my boys, both seemed content by themselves or if one entered a room while the other was sleeping. They tolerated each other more on different levels: for example, if Simba (victim) was at the highest point of his cat tree. Face-to-face encounters and unexpected meetings usually ended in spats. There was also a lot of role swapping, whereby Simba would get so pissed off at Drax's bullying that when Drax did eventually want to make friends, Simba wasn't having any of it. Again, it may be worth investing in a specialist who can observe your cats and make an accurate diagnosis. Alternatively, there's a lot you can do at home to ease some of the tension, from environmental modifications to natural remedies such as pheromone diffusers . Related post: How I Successfully Reintroduced Cats After Fighting Does any of the above sound familiar? Share your story in the comments or get in touch to let us know if this article helped.