*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases at no cost to you. In this article: Why Is Play Important for Cats? My Cat Won't Play, Is It Lazy? How to Play with Cats How Long Should I Play with Cats? More Why You Shouldn't Use Hands to Play with Cats Summary Why Is Play Important for Cats? Quite simply, play is an extension of a cat's natural hunting instincts and contributes to their overall health and wellbeing. Cats are known for their curious nature, which means they love to explore and learn about their environment. It's therefore beneficial for mental and emotional health, physical exercise, mobility and even brain function. For indoor cats, play is doubly important for stimulation and to prevent boredom. They only become lazy because humans make them so - which says a lot about humans, too. We talk a lot about aggression on this site, and playtime has a huge role in managing problem behaviours by releasing excess energy; reducing stress and offering a distraction from other target cats. It's also important for socialising kittens and teaching them valuable life skills. If you have a cat with fussy eating habits then a good play session helps to build up an appetite; after all, it needs to replenish energy for the next hunt. The best part of all, playtime can be a fun bonding session between cats and humans. My Cat Won't Play, Is It lazy? My cat won't play. My cat is lazy. My cat isn't interested in the £30 interactive toy I bought off Amazon. It's easy to blame the cat (or toy) but guess what? You made the decision to house an animal that's programmed to hunt, chase, stalk, climb and explore in the wild - and would continue to do so if humans hadn’t tried to domesticate them. Cats were originally used as a form of vermin control within human settlements, where they were attracted to the abundance of prey and waste that could be easily scavenged. It was only through thousands of years of evolution and the introduction of tinned food, litter and other resources that allowed us to keep them indoors. Experts believe that cats domesticated themselves but, either way, the basic instincts, behaviours and biology of a cat haven't changed. Why the history lesson? Unlike dogs who have evolved to become man's best friend, cats take a lot more effort. It's your responsibility to bring enrichment to a cat's life and stimulate those predatory instincts. No matter how pampered your fur baby is (I have a couple of princes, too!) there's no taking the hunter or huntress out of the cat. How to Play with Cats Let's start with how NOT to play with cats.... I can see you now, waving that feather wand from side to side with one eye on the TV - or more accurately, scrolling through social media. To you it's a piece of plastic, but to your cat it's their prey. Have you ever seen a bird flapping aimlessly from left to right and right to left? Boring! Maybe it's more of a mouse guy (or girl) which doesn't mean you can get away with tossing a mouse onto the floor and expecting a reaction. A stationary mouse is a dead mouse - more yawns. Bojafa Feather Wand comes in a 15-piece set with 2 wands and 13 changeable teasers that include natural feathers, worms and fish. Wands are retractable and can reach up to 96cm. These repetitive and predictable motions provide no challenge for a kitty's killer instincts. Cats observe their prey for some time before leaping into action, as in the wild they might only get one chance to catch a meal before the next serving comes along. The most they'll gain from the above example is a crick in the neck. Of course, if your kitty happens to be enthused by a flapping wand then by all means, keep on flapping. For the most part, it's less about the toy and more about what the toy represents. You should also bear in mind that cats are unable to see objects too close to their faces - anything within 25-30cm is likely to be blurred or completely out of their range of vision. Their eyes are designed to track movement at a distance, so it helps to incorporate this into your play technique. Related post: Cat Vision: How Do Cats See the World? Stimulate Hunting Instincts Playtime should mimic hunting in a natural way. Think: jumping, pouncing, stalking, chasing, batting and swatting. In Jackson Galaxy's book, Total Cat Mojo, he uses the acronym HCKEGS, which stands for Hunt, Catch, Kill, Eat, Groom, Sleep. This shows how much of a cat's driving force is linked to hunting. If your cat likes birds then do some research: sit in your garden or local park and observe the wildlife. Watch how they flutter in the trees, soar through the air and swoop down to land. This is how you should be using a feather wand - no manic side to side actions! Once a cat gets worked up then all it cares about is killing that target, but you have to get it there first. Keep the wand just out of reach and play with different heights, bring it down to ground level and really tease your kitty as it stalks its prey. Wait for it to pounce and, at the last second, off flies birdie back into the trees. We want to keep cats coming back for more but not to the point of frustration where they lose interest - those leaps consume a lot of energy. You might have seen cats twisting and flipping in the air, which is a testament to how athletic they are. Let it get a taste of its prey with a few catches until it's all worn out. PetSafe Egg-Cersizer and SlimCat Dispenser Toys can be filled with treats or kibble that falls through the holes when batted around. Holes are adjustable to make it easier or more challenging. Toys help to slow down feeing and stimulate natural hunting instincts. Rodents, on the other hand, will creep and scuttle; disappear into holes; dig for food and nesting materials - all of which you can mimic with toys. A basic length of cord could be a snake slithering around your carpets. You can mix it up even more by attaching balls or mice to a piece of string to get that prey moving. For less energetic or senior cats, burying a mouse or other soft toy in a box of screwed up paper provides enrichment, as well as stimulating the senses. Treat puzzles and wildlife videos on YouTube will help to keep an ageing kitty's brain engaged. Speedy Panther 14 Pack of Cat Toys includes an interactive ball and track toy; a variety of balls and mice; and a feather wand. Purrfect for new kittens and stimulating less playful cats. Realism To elaborate on the above, can you imagine the disappointment on your kid's face if you bought them a remote-controlled car and forgot to add the batteries? If the most they can do is look at it then you might have saved a few quid and bought a poster. Where's the interaction? Where's the excitement, the fun, the get-go? That car needs to be as realistic as it can be. It needs all the gadgets, lights, sounds and motions that come from racing a car. Get involved. Act like the bird. BE the mouse. Yes, I am telling you to child-talk your cat. We already know they pick up on emotional cues and that goes for excitement, too. Unlike humans, they don't care how stupid you look or how high-pitched your voice gets. Prey is prey. Okay, you get my enthusiasm. Clearly I LOVE entertaining my cats, probably more so than they do. PawHut Cat Stand with a large polyester bed, jute scratching posts and two hanging pompoms. Stands at 42cm and made from sturdy particle board with a wide base to prevent toppling. Utilise Space Play doesn't have to be limited to a single room, either. If you have hallways and stairs then use them (also furniture if you don't mind it being scratched to pieces). An unmotivated cat might be enticed with stalking, a good low-energy form of play that can build up with excitement. Laser pointers are perfect for getting that momentum going. I should point out that my cats aren't particularly active, it's a case of encouraging them at the right time - that is, when they show rare spurts of energy. That being said, some of these tactics have seen them transform from lazy dumplings into torpedoes charging about the place - yes, there is such a thing as overexcitement! Concealment Cats love concealment such as poking things through gaps under doors or anything with a spyhole. Include plenty of objects to hide behind - a simple blanket draped over a couple of chairs makes an exciting kitty den. Get creative and use your environment. Another reason why cats might not play is timidness, particularly in multi-cat households. Drax would often disappear or watch from a hiding place while Simba went crazy with his toys. Some one-on-one playtime will help to build up confidence until it's ready to integrate with its housemates. Cats that are reluctant to enter the middle of a room may feel shy or vulnerable, so offer lots of hiding places such as boxes and tunnels to coax them out. 3-Way Foldable Cat Tunnel has three channels, a peephole and hanging ball toy for stalking and hiding. The tunnel folds down and pops up for easy storage. Choose the Right Toy The right toy for your cat is based on all of the points discussed, for which you're the best judge. What gets kitty's pulse racing? Is she a stalker? Does she love to run and chase? Do you see her gnawing on soft toys, whizzing up cat trees or hanging off teasers like a fish on a hook? Toys are merely accessories, and while they're a great substitute for prey, some cats will need more motivation than others depending on factors such as age and breed. Naturally, a senior cat will be less active than a kitten and might prefer rolling around in boxes or tunnels with toys that are soft on their teeth, rather than chasing the end of a teaser. Mental stimulation can be very valuable for an old or infirm cat. For a more in-depth look at different types of cat toys, recommendations and age suitability, check out these 12 types of cat toys and games. Catstages Krazy Kale Catnip Chew Toy is made with mesh material that gently cleans your cat's teeth as they play and gnaw. It's stuffed with dried catnip for an irresistible bite, with large colourful feathers. For an extra buzz, there are so many varieties of catnip or silvervine available to further stimulate the senses. From stuffed toys to edible treats, choosing the best type and brand for your cat may take some trial and error. Related post: 15 Best Catnip Toys, Blends and Sprays Rewards Once kitty is all tired out, this would be an ideal feeding time - especially if you have a fussy eater as cats are more likely to finish a bowl if they're hungry. At the very least, you should offer a tasty snack or treat. Associate play with reward and you'll earn yourself a friend for life. How Long Should I Play with Cats? As a general rule, it's recommended to play with cats in short 10-15 minute sessions, up to 3 times a day - which is far less than you might think. Cats have intermittent bursts of energy between naps and tend to lose interest if playtime lasts too long. This is the nature of our feline friends due to being on alert for predators and hunting opportunities in the wild. Leaving too many toys lying around can lead to boredom as there's nothing new and exciting. Try offering a different toy for each play session, even if it's a different type of toy such as a plastic ball vs a crinkle ball. Store in a box when not in use and, in time, kitty may start to choose its own toys. Migipaws Interactive Feather Cat Toy features a rotating feather that randomly pops out of the holes at different time intervals. The toy starts when cats pass the infrared sensor and has an auto shut-off time of 5 minutes. Other factors that influence a cat's playtime needs are age, breed and personality. Energy levels naturally decrease as cats get older, but that doesn't mean they don't need to be kept active. Kittens have bundles of energy and require more intense play, which is balanced out by longer naps. If you've ever parented a kitten then the routine is generally the same: eat, play, sleep. Some cat breeds, such as Bengals, have higher energy levels in comparison to the more laid-back Persian. On a whole, it doesn't take much time out of your day to exercise a cat. As a bare minimum, 30 minutes broken up into sessions can work out as 10 minutes after work, 10 minutes after dinner and 10 minutes before bed. Of course, cats being cats, they're more likely to choose a time to suit themselves - usually when you're in the middle of something important! This is where interactive or battery-operated toys come in useful, whereby cats can play at their own leisure. Why You Shouldn't Use Hands to Play with Cats It may seem like common sense not to let a cat play with hands - or body parts in general - but we've all done it. Drax has a bit of a foot fetish and, gentle as he is, the problem occurs when he decides to make a lunge for them when I'm walking down the stairs. Totally my fault but that's what happens when cats don't know any different because, hey, we do this all the time! Worse than that is if a cat becomes aggressive or develops behavioural issues, your body parts are going to become live targets. One last thing: kittens! Letting a cute, harmless kitten play with your fingers is, well, cute and harmless. In a matter of months, that kitten will be a hyperactive terror armed with fangs and claws and, after that, a fully-grown cat. I don't always follow my own rules and, honestly, there's nothing more adorable than a palm-sized fluffball gumming the end of your finger. At some point we need to replace fingers with toys, just try to do it sooner rather than later. Summary With a little bit of time, effort and motivation, keeping cats fit and active can easily become part of their daily routine. Play is so much more than a boredom breaker. It's essential for giving cats a happy and healthy lifestyle; reducing stress and obesity; and aiding bonding with other cats and humans. Related post: How to Exercise Obese Cats for Weight Loss Lastly, you don't have to spend a fortune on all of the latest cat toys - raiding your granny's wool collection or stealing your dad's shoelaces works just as well. From cardboard boxes to catnip-stuffed socks, check out these simple DIY cat toys. My boys are partial to a game of peekaboo, which is great if you don't mind getting jabbed in the face. Yes, the "no body parts" rule still applies but it's about knowing your cats, too. If playtime with your kitty looks like you went ten rounds with Edward Scissorhands, then common sense would say to use a toy and not your face – duh! Mentioned Products Speedy Panther 14 Pack of Cat Toys 3-Way Foldable Cat Tunnel Soarer 12 Pcs Interactive Cat Toys Does your cat have a favourite toy or do you have a resident lazy bones? Let us know if any of these tips helped in the comments.

*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases at no cost to you. In this article: Signs of Aggression Cat Body Language: Aggression vs Play How Can I Tell If Cats Are Playing or Fighting? Summary In my previous post, Cat Body Language: Signs of Aggressive Behaviour in Felines, we took an in-depth look at some of the behaviours associated with aggression; as well as the differences between defensive and offensive aggression. Going a step further, it's also important to recognise when cats are actually fighting and having a good ol' wrestling match. Cats are solitary creatures in the wild, so the fact that they've evolved to accept companionship is a miracle in itself. If your cats are playing together then you should consider it a form of social bonding, which is exactly the behaviour we want to promote. Note that playing isn't the same as one cat terrorising another, which we'll cover later in this article. On the flip side, where aggression is present, it's crucial to step in before it has a chance to escalate. Petty squabbles can fast become full-contact fights, which are much harder to remedy. First things first, I recommend checking out the above mentioned post if you haven't already done so or aren't familiar with the typical signs of feline aggression. Signs Of Aggression Let's take a quick look at some of the physical, vocal and behavioural actions of an angry kitty. Physical Vocal Behavioural Flattened ears. Hissing. Clawing. Fluffed up fur. Growling. Biting. Swishing tale. Yowling. Swiping. Arched back. Screaming. Staring. Hunched. Spitting. Chasing. Crouched low to the ground. Caterwauling. Blocking. Most parents will have witnessed any or all of these signs, whether directed at themselves, another cat; toys and even things we don't expect. Have you ever seen kitty puff out her fur like she's doing an impression of Sonic the Hedgehog for no apparent reason, or run hissing from the room? It's highly likely that she was spooked by something and preparing to defend herself against this unknown threat. Fear aggression doesn't necessarily have to be incited by another cat, but it can certainly cause miscommunications to happen within multi-cat households. To add to the complexity of felines, a lot of the behaviours above can be exhibited through play. Beaphar Herbal Calming Treats contain hop flowers, Melissa and valerian which are known for their calming properties. They help to promote relaxation and reduce the symptoms of stress including scratching and excessive vocalisation. Play is an extension of their natural hunting instincts, which can be a nerve-wracking experience for parents whose cats haven't been getting along. There were times when I was afraid to let my boys near each other, so it's essential that you learn how to read a cat's body language in order to spot the differences between fighting and playing. ​ Cat Body Language: Aggression vs Play Body Part Aggression Play Ears Flattened / pinned back. Upwards, straight or slightly forwards to show interest / curiosity. Eyes Wide or slanted; unblinking stare. Wide; indirect staring with little or no eye contact. Mouth Bared teeth; biting; continuous hissing / spitting / growling / yowling. Relaxed; may be open or closed; loose biting; occasional meow or hiss / cry in rough play. Fur Fluffed up or coming out in chunks. Normal Tail Fluffed up or bristly; tucked under the body; low swishing from side to side or thumping. Flicking end; wagging; high up or vertical. Paws Swatting or swiping with claws; fur caught in nails. Lighter and more playful swatting or "windmilling"; claws retracted. Posture Hunched; arched back; sideways stance; stomach flat to the ground; upright on haunches; lying on its back. Relaxed; crouching; butt wiggle. Behaviour Chasing; ambushing; blocking; stalking. Stalking; pouncing; grappling; wrestling; chasing back and forth. As you can see from the table, certain aggressive behaviours overlap those exhibited during play. It can take a trained eye to know if or when to step in, particularly if either kitty has a tendency to take things too far. Fortunately, cats are known to give so many physical and vocal warnings before launching an attack that, with a little practice, you may be able to stop aggression from escalating. We should also bear in mind that, given the internal mechanisms of a cat and how they're built - i.e., with fangs and claws - while there shouldn't be any injuries during play, it's completely normal for cats to roughhouse each other. Playtime is as entertaining for them as it is for you. I've spent countless hours watching my boys stalking and pouncing on each other; chasing up and down hallways; swatting through gaps in doors and spying around furniture. Their wrestling matches can be intense, and while the odd shriek is concerning for a parent, rest assured that your kitties are having the time of their lives! How Can I Tell If Cats Are Playing or Fighting? I’ll say it again: your cats will tell you! Learn the language, understand the language, speak the language. During play, cats will take it in turns to chase, stalk and pounce with an overall lighter or “bouncier” energy. There should be no obvious tension, both cats will engage and go back to normal afterwards. You may see them separate occasionally to reposition themselves, or simply to take a breather. If cats are locked together in a squalling cluster then you’re witnessing a full-contact fight. No one should be peeing or pooping during a play session (yes, that includes you) as this is a clear indication that things have gone too far. Cats can also release fluid from their anal glands when they’re frightened, which smells rather more offensive than pee! Bear in mind that it’s not unusual to hear cats hissing, or even the odd cry, when play gets a little too rough. Ever watched a couple of lions wrestling? Notice how they lock their jaws around each other’s throats and pin one another to the ground - it’s all part of the fun! Cats may roll onto their backs when playing (or fighting) so they can use their powerful hind legs to kick and scratch. You might have experienced this yourself, I remember when Simba was a kitten he’d try to murder my hand. ​ Disclaimer: if you’re wondering if it’s okay to let a kitten play with your hands, the answer is no - and you can learn more about why in this post all about how to play with cats. When a cat isn’t playing or fighting, to expose its stomach is considered a vulnerable position, as we often see when they’re resting or asleep. It shows that your cat is comfortable in its environment and that it trusts its companions, human and animal alike. Hence why going in for that belly rub may not be a good idea. The biggest tell-tale sign of a cat in play mode, for me, is the chirping or “trilling” vocalisation. It generally comes with a closed mouth and is more of a nasal sound, not like the chattering you might hear in response to watching birds through a window. This chirp is basically their way of saying: “I want to play!” Beaphar CatComfort Excellence Calming Diffuser contains a copy of the feline facial pheromone to help reduce stress-related behaviours; and the maternal appeasing pheromone to promote bonding and harmony in multi-cat households. Perhaps the most common behaviour to spot, and we’ve all seen it, is the famous butt wiggle that comes just before a pounce. This wiggling motion acts as a warm up to prepare their muscles, check their balance and assess the stability of their footing; after all, they might only get one chance to catch their prey. Cats that are upright on their haunches and swiping at each other with claws showing is more aggressive, yet similar in posture to what is sometimes described as the “handbag scrap" where the front paws make more of a windmilling action. Cute and comical to witness, if contact is minimal and your cats aren’t screaming at one another then this is no cause for alarm. Play Aggression Play aggression is common amongst unsocialised or feral cats that have had no interaction with other cats or humans. This goes back to early bonding experiences, as kittens will generally learn the "rules" of play from their siblings and mother. That is, biting and scratching may lead to a sharp retaliation or their playmate running away. Without these experiences, cats have no way of knowing what is and isn't acceptable. Kittens are playful creatures as we know, therefore it's crucial to get them used to playing with toys so you can provide a distraction later down the line. It's also possible to retrain older cats by creating positive associations with toys, such as offering a treat whenever they use one. However, as is typical of our feline friends, sometimes aggression can be a little more complicated! Related post: DIY Cat Toys That Are Cheap and Easy to Make: Step-by-Step Guides Migipaws Interactive Feather Cat Toy features a rotating feather that randomly pops out of the holes at different time intervals. The toy starts when cats pass the infrared sensor and has an auto shut-off time of 5 minutes. If you have a particularly energetic, young or excitable cat then it may get a thrill out of attacking unsuspecting housemates - every group of friends has a prankster, right? Generally these won’t escalate into fights, but don’t be surprised to see a warning swipe from the victim. Let it cool off in a private space and, if necessary, help the overstimulated cat to burn off some energy by offering a toy to attack instead. There's also a chance that play can switch to fighting very quickly if there are any underlying issues or tension between the cats themselves. After my boys had their big falling out a couple of years ago, Simba has never quite been the same. Despite my efforts to help rebuild trust between them, occasionally, Simba will launch into a hissy fit during an otherwise friendly play session, leaving poor Drax bewildered. As mentioned previously, with such a large overlap in playful and aggressive behaviours, it's not uncommon or surprising for miscommunications to happen. Cats can have rocky relationships at the best of times but learn to tolerate each other very well in many cases. The problem occurs when one cat tries to run or hide and the other one doesn't take the hint, and it may proceed to follow, stalk or stare. Sometimes this can be an attempt at intimidation, so it's best to distract the offending cat with a toy or separate them for a few minutes to prevent overstimulation. Make sure the victim has plenty of hiding places and escape routes to avoid this stalker-like behaviour. Related post: 3 Reasons Why Your Bonded Cats Are Fighting Summary Use this checklist outlining the positive and negative aspects of play while observing your kitties during their next play session. You might spot a few things that you otherwise wouldn't have noticed! For more tips and advice, check out this informative post: How to Read a Cat's Body Language, Behaviour and Communication Positive Signs Negative Signs ✓ Light-hearted pouncing, friendly stalking (usually with a butt wiggle) and taking it in turns to chase back and forth. ✕ Direct staring with stiff, rigid or hunched postures. ✓ Both cats engage and you may hear trilling or chirping vocalisations. ✕ Flattened ears and fluffed up fur with a (low) lashing or thumping tale. ✓ Any wrestling and / or swatting will generally be silent with claws retracted. ✕ One cat may corner, ambush or chase while the other backs off, runs or hides. ✓ Cats take small breaks in between "rounds". ✕ Continuous hissing, growling or screaming with exposed claws and bared teeth. ✓ Expect the odd hiss or cry if play gets rough. ✕ Cats locked together with no separations. Do your kitties have a tendency to play rough or does the play session end in tears? Share your experiences in the comments.

*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases at no cost to you. I am not being paid to promote any of the companies mentioned in this article. Opinions are my own and all information is based on extensive research. In this article: What is Fresh Pet Food? Benefits of Raw and Cooked Food Can I Make My Own Cat Food at Home? What Do Tailor-Made Fresh Pet Food Companies Offer? More How Much Does It Cost? KatKin Fresh Cat Food Company Other Raw and Fresh Cat Food Companies Summary Personalised or custom diets for pets are becoming more and more pawpular, and my only question is: what took so long? Health-conscious humans have been following diets to meet their specific requirements ever since the means became available, whether through the advice of a nutritionist or their own research. As much as we love our four-legged friends, we can't all be experts in feline nutrition - and that's okay, because now there are companies that will take care of the hard work for you and deliver scrumptious meals straight to your door - yum! We're officially living in a culture of pet-obsessed parents, with people spending up to equal amounts of money on their fur babies as they do their human babies. With the cost of living soaring, it seems that our furry friends are becoming substitute children for many. Before we take a look at these pet food companies, let's delve into the benefits of fresh grub and how it weighs up against off-the-shelf cans and kibble. What is Fresh Pet Food? It's exactly what it says on the tin - only there is no tin! Think of the difference between heating up a jar of Uncle Ben's Chilli Con Carne (now Ben's Original - hey, I'm old!) to making your own chilli at home. That means choosing your own vegetables, beans, spices and using REAL meat. You know exactly what's going into the mixture because you picked the ingredients. Nothing is processed and there are no nasty chemicals or preservatives to make the food last longer. Fresh food companies usually fall into two categories: raw and cooked. A raw diet can include uncooked meat, fish and internal organs with ground bone for calcium. This best replicates what cats would consume in the wild from natural prey, where the combination of meat, muscle tissues, organs, bones and fur provides all of the nutrients a cat needs for optimal health. Vitamin and mineral supplements may be added to raw food to ensure that nutritional requirements are being met. Cooked food usually contains steamed meat and organs, as well as all of the added supplements. This eliminates bacteria while preventing the destruction of nutrients under high temperatures. Benefits of Raw and Cooked Food Freshness As a pet parent, we want to ensure our furries have a healthy lifestyle and food is a huge part of that. This isn't always possible with your standard commercial foods, as much as it hurts our wallets. More expensive brands such as Purina, which places emphasis on its high-quality ingredients, offers food for all types of cats in different stages, including those of a specialist nature. Amongst their range you'll find diets formulated for hairball control, dental health, sensitive digestion, urinary care; as well as food for indoor, pregnant and senior cats. This sounds like an ideal solution, although we should be questioning whether certain conditions would have presented in the first place if cats were given the correct diet. Nevertheless, the "quality" of ingredients in commercial food is irrelevant when they lack the most important factor: freshness. Given that cat food is a meat product, you can imagine what goes into it to provide a shelf life of up to a year or more.... Related post: The Truth About Commercial Cat Food: What Really Goes into Your Pet's Food? Minimal or Zero Processing The natural vitamins and minerals in raw foods are degraded when cooked, which is why fresh cooked food is gently steamed and then frozen. The processed stuff as found on the shelves of your local Asda is cooked at high temperatures several times! The loss of nutrients has to be replaced, which is where artificial substitutes come in. Some experts believe that poor ingredients and/or processing methods are the primary cause of digestive disorders, along with many other health conditions that we wouldn't normally associate with diet. Skin and eye problems, allergies, urinary tract disease, immune system dysfunction; and those involving internal organs such as the kidneys, heart, liver and pancreas. Free from Additives As mentioned, certain vitamins and minerals may be supplemented in fresh food, but in much lower quantities as the nutritional value is preserved. Products are typically 60-100% meat and contain a healthy dose of amino acids and fatty acids, but cats can easily become deficient in some areas. More importantly, there are no artificial flavourings, colourings or thickeners as seen in gravy-based foods. By-Products If you've ever looked at a cat food label, you might be familiar with the terms "animal by-products", "meat derivatives" or "meat meal". Exactly which parts of animals are used - the nutritious parts or less nutritious parts - is as much a mystery as the livestock itself. That is, how it was sourced and what conditions it lived in prior to being processed - there's that dreaded "p" word again! No Fillers Commercial dry food or kibble is considered to be even lower quality as it's bound together with fillers, which are high in carbohydrates. Grains, cereals and root vegetables all contain starch - this is necessary to make the dough before it's processed at those high temperatures we spoke about. This makes it more digestible for the carnivorous kitty, but the destruction of nutrients is unavoidable. Cats that only eat dry food are also at risk of dehydration, as they require both high moisture and high protein contents. Related post: 5 Best Dry Cat Foods Carbohydrates To expand on the above, the addition of carbohydrates in a cat's diet is a cause of much controversy in the scientific community. Some veterinary nutritionists argue that they're hard to digest, serve little biological value and contribute to obesity and diabetes. Pet food brands claim they're easy to metabolise, a good source of energy and not linked to obesity or diabetes.... It's a complex subject and must take into account the type of carbohydrates being used and in what quantities - and of course, processing methods. If we're trying to replicate a cat's natural diet, we should view them as what they are: obligate carnivores. In the wild, a cat's diet would typically consist of 55% protein, 43-44% fat and 1-2% carbohydrates, which they obtain from the stomach contents of their pray - a small amount of partially digested plant matter. To put this into perspective, the minimum guidelines as set by the European Pet Food Industry Federation is 26% protein - less than half of what they'd be getting naturally! This is where those extra carbs come in, as the body breaks them down into glucose to provide energy. Yet, cats are able to synthesise their own glucose in the liver. Note that when comparing wet food to dry food, we have to convert percentages to a "dry matter basis" by subtracting the moisture content, which can cause further confusion amongst pet owners. That's why I've made this dedicated post: How to Calculate Carbohydrates in Cat Food and Understanding Dry Matter Basis Shop Premium Cat Food → Some would argue that using carbohydrates as a source of energy saves cats from having to make it themselves, but there are other concerns. The heating of seed oils at high temperatures, along with heating fats/proteins and sugar together, produces compounds that cause oxidative stress. This damages the cells and tissues, leading to chronic inflammation, premature ageing and lifelong diseases. The ultimate question isn't whether cats are able to metabolise some types of carbohydrates, or what the potential consequences of consumption may or may not be. Research is limited and doesn't take into account the long-term effects on a cat's overall tissue and organ health. Carbohydrates are simply not necessary - at least, not in the high quantities as seen in commercial pet food - and a cheap alternative to animal protein. Related post: Cats and Carbohydrates: Is Dry Cat Food Bad for Cats? Pros and Cons of a Fresh Food Diet This article is more geared towards the benefits of fresh food rather than the dangers of commercial food, which is another topic in itself. Raw meat isn't entirely risk free, particularly if it's prepared at home; but a reputable fresh food company will have taken every precaution when it comes to food hygiene and safety. Below are a some factors to consider when choosing the right food for your cat. Bear in mind that a poor diet isn't always about obesity; there are many other signs to look out for that might indicate cats aren't getting all of the nutrients they need. Low energy, increased hunger, lack of appetite, smelly or inconsistent poops, skin problems, dandruff, poor coat quality and behavioural issues, to name a few. Pros Cons ✓ Natural ingredients with no preservatives, colourings or flavourings. ✕ Raw food can be contaminated with bacteria like Salmonella and E. coli, which also carries a risk to the owner handling the food. ✓ Mimics what cats eat in the wild which can help to alleviate digestive issues, allergies and/or intolerances caused by commercial foods. ✕ Some raw meats can harbour parasites such as toxoplasmosis and trichinosis. ✓ A healthy balance of proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, amino acids and other nutrients. ✕ Higher costs, particularly as you may need to try many types and flavours to find your cat's preferences. ✓ Usually composed of human-grade food. ✕ Switching a cat's food can cause vomiting and diarrhoea if not done gradually. ✓ Cats may have more energy and require less meals since the protein in meat is higher quality. ✕ Don't cater to specialist diets (urinary, diabetic, etc). ✓ Shiner coat due to fatty acids. ✓ As cats are able to use more of what they eat, they'll poop less and it'll be drier - less pong for us! ✓ Transparency regarding ingredients and meat sourcing. Can I Make My Own Cat Food at Home? Homemade cat food recipes are readily available online for both wet and dry food, but most are meant for supplemental feeding only - it's not all about the protein! Cats require a healthy balance of fats, vitamins and minerals that must be obtained from their diet. A lack of taurine, for example, can lead to heart problems and blindness. Homemade recipes usually consist of meat or fish, organs (such as liver), eggs and supplements. Small amounts of vegetables or grains are optional, but to me it defeats the purpose. It is, however, a good starting point for transitioning cats away from commercial food onto a raw or cooked diet - especially where budget is an issue. Pack'n Pride Freeze Dried Cat Treats are made with 100% chicken breast. Feed as a reward, soak in water to get a fresh chicken cube or use as a food topper. No additives or preservatives and great for sensitive stomachs. The main advantage of using fresh food companies is that you don't have to worry about getting the correct balance of nutrients and/or portions sizes, and they should have some pretty rigorous safety practices in place. Unless you're a veterinary nutritionist, you shouldn't be inventing your own recipes - and be sure to check those you find online. For anyone who is considering taking on the fresh food challenge, I highly recommend Jess at caticles.com for recipes and general advice. What Do Tailor-Made Fresh Cat Food Companies Offer? Whether you're preparing your cat's food at home or using a company, fresh food is an excellent way to maintain control of the ingredients so you know exactly what's going into it. It may come as no surprise that the majority of personalised pet foods are formulated for dogs, but there's a growing number of companies that cater exclusively for felines. By using these companies, you're paying for food that's not only created for cats but customised to your pet's specific health needs and physiology. This is achieved using factors such as age, breed, weight, sex, flavour preferences; and any health concerns, such as allergies. Pet parents are usually required to fill out a questionnaire with all of the necessary information, and the food is made to provide the exact levels of vitamins and minerals they need. As with anything, you want to make sure you're choosing a reputable pet food company - which doesn't necessarily mean looking for the highest prices. Use this handy checklist of what to look for in a quality fresh pet food service. ✓ Food is nutritionally balanced according to the European Pet Food Industry Federation standards. ✓ Food should be sourced from reputable suppliers and manufacturers. ✓ Companies adhere to the strictest hygiene practices and batch test meat for contamination. ✓ Cat food should be rich in animal protein with a good amount of fat. ✓ Transparency regarding meat contents with no "animal derivatives". ✓ No fillers (grains such as rice and wheat). ✓ A variety of meal options with different types of meats, textures and flavours to suit your cat's preferences. ✓ Cater for a cat's specific requirements with portion guidelines. ✓ Formulas are prepared by a board-certified veterinary nutritionist. Not all companies will tick off every mark on this checklist, but the most important factor (aside from quality) is the sourcing, testing and handling of the meat itself. Raw fish in particular has a high risk of bacterial contamination and should only be fed to cats in moderation, regardless of how it's prepared. Reviews count too, so check for any customer feedback or refer to Trustpilot where people love to share their opinions. Also search for in-depth blog articles with tried and tested reviews, including original product photos. Checking a company's recall history is wise as it should flag up any cases of contamination, which is particularly concerning if they're serving raw meals. How Much Does It Cost? Pricing for fresh cat food will vary depending on your chosen meal plan and package, but you can expect to pay roughly £50+ per month (per cat) to cover all of their daily meals. As a comparison, the average cost of feeding a cat in the UK is estimated at £36 as of 2025. On a yearly basis, you could be spending £150-£200 more if you wanted to make the transition to fresh food. As mentioned, you could cut these costs by preparing your own cat food at home. Unless you're following a recipe formulated by a veterinary nutritionist and have a good grasp of your cat's specific health needs, it's best to feed homemade food alongside canned food to ensure nutritional needs are being met. Though fresh pet food is in high demand, it's still somewhat of a luxury and makes up a very small percentage of the pet food market. This could change with growing competition and more affordable options, such as a kibble alternative to wet food. Set of 3 cat food bowls made from quality, non-toxic melamine. Bowls have a shallow design and tilted angle to prevent whisker fatigue, with anti-skid silicone pads underneath. With pets becoming a bigger part of our lives and families, naturally, we're spending more money and the food industry will adapt to follow the trends. We've already seen it with things like improved litter, supplements and interactive toys - I want to cry every time I look at my Amazon balance! It makes sense for pet food to follow suit, considering it's the most basic need of any animal. Most companies will offer new customer discounts, regular offers or monthly subscription packages at a slightly lower cost. Not only does this help to save the pennies, but by using a subscription service, you don't have to worry about forgetting to stock up. Make sure it fits your budget and, if not, there are plenty of premium brands that are a step up from your bog-standard budget ranges. KatKin Fresh Cat Food Company Labelled as the UK's first and leading fresh food brand for cats, it makes sense to use KatKin as an example of what potential customers - and converts - should expect to receive from a tailor-made service (other brands may vary). What does KatKin offer? KatKin is essentially a kitty meal delivery service offering food made from 100% premium quality meat. They create a personalised plan for your feline based on factors such as age, size, weight and health conditions. All recipes are perfectly proportioned for your cat's daily nutritional needs. Ingredients are sourced in the UK and conform to the UK Welfare of Farmed Animal Regulations. Start your 14-day trial with 20% off → How is food prepared? KatKin's meals are prepared in the company's human-grade kitchen in Park Royal, London. Every recipe is tailor-made to your cat's needs by a board-certified veterinary nutritionist. Meat is steam-cooked to eliminate bad bacteria while preserving nutrition, then frozen to lock those nutrients in. Food is high in moisture, exactly what cats would be getting from natural prey. The nutritional value of KatKin food exceeds the standards set by the FEDIAF. There's also an impressive range of flavours including: fish, turkey, lamb, beef, duck and pork, with a combination of meat and internal organs. KatKin is already ticking off some of the points on that handy fresh food checklist! Benefits At the time of writing this, KatKin is rated 4.6 / 5 based on over 12,000 Trustpilot reviews - another tick. According to the KatKin website, customers report many health improvements to their cats such as: Less poop (and pong!) Return to a healthy weight. Thicker and shinier coats. Restored energy and playfulness. Less digestive issues and diarrhoea. Reduced food allergies. Eliminating gingivitis. Disadvantages KatKin is one of the more expensive fresh food companies, which is to be expected considering their high levels of meat protein. Not suitable for specialist diets. Food Storage Fresh meals need to be stored in the fridge and freezer, unlike commercial foods which are blasted at hot temperatures to make them shelf stable for years. Subscription Process While I haven't purchased KatKin meals for a tried and tested review, I have been through the subscription process to get a feel for ease of use and the like. Filling out the questionnaire was simple and only took a couple of minutes. As well as the standard questions, it was nice to see dropdowns for how fussy an eater your cat is; activity levels and stomach sensitivity. I was pleasantly surprised when KatKin informed me that I could save up to £17 a month in comparison to Drax's standard urinary food. Note that just because this estimate is cheaper for me doesn't mean it will be for you. Specialist or prescription diets are expensive, much more so than your average cat food. Which makes it even more of a shame that fresh foods aren't suitable for my kitty needs! Pricing As taken from the KatKin website, prices start from £1.99 a day which totals a minimum spend of around £60 per month. Currently, you can try the first 14 days with 20% off, which is a good deal to get started. Delivery Food is delivered for free to your door on a 28-day cycle. You can access your subscription from your online account to adjust your cat's menu, change delivery dates, pause your box or cancel the subscription. At this time, KatKin only delivers to England, Scotland and Wales. This is due to the nature of fresh food and because KatKin meals are frozen, they need to arrive on your doorstep within 48 hours. Customer Service KatKin claims that their experts are available seven days a week to help you make the switch to fresh food, offer general advice and answer any questions. I haven't dealt with the company directly but have heard good things about the personalised customer service. For more information about the brand, recipes - and a few home truths about big cat food companies - visit the KatKin website. Shop smart fountains and automatic feeders → All things considered, it looks like KatKin sets the bar pretty high in terms of standards, quality and overall service; however, it's not the only option for cat owners in the UK. Whether you're looking for a lower price range, want to try a raw diet or explore a more eco-friendly alternative, there are several other brands that might satisfy your requirements. To help you make a decision, I've put together a brief summary of some highly rated, UK-based fresh pet food companies. Other Raw and Fresh Cat Food Companies Blink! Choose from a wide range of wet and dry food recipes containing 65% meat and fish fillets, with a blend of vitamins and no cereals or grains. Similar to KatKin, meals are slow cooked to retain nutrition and their prime cuts of meat come with a higher price tag than some other brands. Small boxes start at £30, but you can get a subscription trial pack for just £1! Food pouches are also available in selected stores across the UK. Bella & Duke Meals are made from raw, human-grade meat, bone broth and natural oils. There are no added vitamins or minerals as food is tailor-made to meet your cat's specific dietary needs, then frozen for freshness. Recipes contain at least 94% meat but there are only four flavour options, and starting prices are slightly lower than KatKin. All recipes are developed by nutritionists and checked by vets. Bella & Duke are RawSAFE UK Pet Food certified and were awarded Manufacturer of the Year 2023 by Pet Industry Federation. Poppy’s Picnic The brand started out as a fresh dog food company before launching Purry Power, which makes high-quality raw cat and kitten food that comes in meatball shapes. Their range is limited to three meal recipes and one pack of sprinkles; however, every recipe contains at least 90% meat and animal ingredients. The brand has been featured on Dragon's Den, This Morning and boasts some award-winning meals. Summary Whatever food you choose for your pets - commercial, homemade, fresh or raw - I hope this article provides some tips and advice to help you make an informed decision. Cats appreciate variety, so mixing it up will prevent them from growing bored of their food. If you decide to make your own batch of scrumptious meaty goodness, remember to supplement it with commercial foods so cats are still getting all of the nutrients required. The homemade option is a great lower-cost alternative to fresh pet food companies. This is something I'm trying myself, given my notoriously awkward cats. With one on a urinary diet for struvite stones and the other addicted to kibble - both of which would rather starve than look at a piece of fresh meat - it'll be a long road to making any sort of transition! Alternatively, some premium brands like Edgard & Cooper and Untamed use human-grade meat in their recipes, without all of the harsh processing methods, additives and fillers that we usually see. This is a good way to avoid the generic "meat meal", "meat derivates" and "animal by-products" that tell us absolutely nothing about what our cats are eating. While there are hundreds of thousands of cats that live out their days on a commercial diet, that doesn't mean they're healthy. We can see evidence of this in the abundance of prescription diets, supplements and behavioural remedies on the market - not to mention mass obesity. Food is the source of life, from tissues to the bones and vital organs - including the brain. Insufficient nutrients can affect the mind as well as the body! A final important point to note, transitioning cats to new food should always be done gradually to allow an adequate amount of time for their sensitive stomachs to adjust to new nutrients - we don't want any vomiting or diarrhoea. I recommend seeking advice from a vet to make sure it's the right decision for your furry. For more tips on introducing cats to new food, check out this post: How to Change a Cat's Food with 10 Tasty Tips Have you made the transition to fresh food? What are your experiences and, more importantly, did your kitties approve? If you think any other brands are worth a mention, let us know in the comments.

Welcome to your dedicated savings page! As an affiliate for some great pet care brands, I'm fortunate to get an early look at upcoming sales, discounts, offers and exclusive deals. I created this space as a quick and easy way to share this information, as I'm not a fan of spammy promotional emails - but I do love saving money! Below you'll find discounts, coupon codes and more from large and small brands like zooplus, Aosom, Petlibro, KatKin and others. Remember to check back regularly so you don't miss out on updates, and you can subscribe for new post alerts. You can also check out my eBay storefront for product recommendations and popular picks. I may receive a small affiliate commission on purchases made through these links, at no cost to you. Featured Promotions Aosom Bella + Duke KatKin Omlet Petlibro Temu YuMOVE zooplus *I am not responsible for any invalid codes or offers. Aosom Save on pet furniture! Sorry, no featured offers - check back soon. Bella + Duke Save on raw cat and dog food! New Customer Offer Introductory offer for new cat customers. 40% off your first box of raw cat food. Plus 30% off your second and 20% off your third. Click to visit site → KatKin Save on fresh cat food! Trial Box Get 20% off your 14-day trial box. Limited promotion. Click to view offer → Scoop Litter Try scoop litter with 50% off. Limited promotion. Click to view products → Omlet Save on catios, cat trees, scratch posts, beds and other pet essentials! No featured offers - check back soon. Petlibro Save on smart pet care, fountains and automatic feeders! Get 18% off all standalone products with code: PLAFF18 Valid until 31st December 2026 Click to view products → Get 20% off all product bundles with code: PLAFF20 Valid until 31st December 2026 Click to view bundles → Dockstream App Monitoring Water Fountain Get 20% off with code: PETCALL Valid until 24th August Click to view product → Dockstream RFID Smart Fountain Get 30% off with code: PETDEAL Valid until 24th August Click to view product → Luma Smart Litter Box Get 15% off with code: LBAFF15 Valid until 13th May 2027 Click to view product → Temu Save on cat toys, bedding, scratchers and other pet supplies! New User Offer Get 30% off orders over £39 with code: UKNEW30 *Capped at £25 Click to activate offer → 100 Coupon Bundle Bundle of 100 coupons. Valid until 23:59 of the next day. Click to activate coupons → YuMOVE Save on supplements for cats and dogs. Subscriptions Get 50% off your first 2 months + 20% ongoing savings on your YuMOVE subscription. Valid until 31st December 2026 Click to visit site → Veterinary Advice Get FREE 24/7 vet advice from Pawsquad when subscribing to YuMOVE products. Valid until 31st December 2026 Click to visit site → Zooplus Save on pet supplies! Clearance Sale Various reductions on cat products. Limited time only Click to view products → Cat Product Reductions Various reductions on cat products. Limited time only Click to view products → Cat Food Reductions Various reductions on cat food. Limited time only Click to view products → Want to keep up to date with special offers? You can now follow me on Ko-fi and become a member for exclusive perks. *Disclaimer: I am not being paid to promote any of the products or brands mentioned on this page. However, I may receive a small commission if you purchase through these links, at no cost to you. This helps with the upkeep of my blog (and the occasional treat for my fur children) for which we're truly grateful!

*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases at no cost to you. In this article: Separation Site Swapping Distraction Reintroduction More How Long It Took to Reintroduce Cats Progress Update Summary Reintroducing cats after a fight can be challenging and scary, for humans as well as cats, but following the 6 steps as outlined in my previous post gives the best chance of a positive outcome. Read it here: How to Reintroduce Cats After a Fight in 6 Steps I prefer the term "positive" to "successful" because it's easy to associate success with failure, and not everything is so black and white. It's only natural to want cats to return to their former selves, to rebuild friendships and bonds with other sibling cats. The harsh reality is that your kitties may never get along, but tolerance and avoidance are both positive outcomes, especially when we consider the solitary nature of cats. If they can share a space and settle any disputes without it turning physical then there's every chance that, in time, they'll reach a new version of normality. Once they realise the other cat isn't a threat to themselves or their resources, managing aggression becomes much simpler. Following a case of redirected aggression between my boys, I'm no stranger to the separation and reintroduction process. Applying this strategy to your own situation is one thing, but sometimes it helps to hear about other people's experiences - whether for good or bad - as there may be things you can resonate with and learn from. This article is about delving into the details and sharing a more personal account of what can be a long and complex process. I've been there, I've seen it and, more importantly, I've done it! Related post: 3 Reasons Why Your Bonded Cats Are Fighting Separation The purpose of separating cats is to give them a chance to cool off and allow any adrenaline to leave the system. This is less likely to happen if they're bumping into each other every five minutes, which presents an opportunity for the dreaded stare-down. Aggression doesn't always have to be physical - in fact, fighting is often a last resort - so it's crucial that we break this cycle. Related post: Cat Body Language: Signs of Aggressive Behaviour in Felines Where fighting is persistent or cats are at risk of injuring each other, it's recommended to keep them separated for a minimum of 24-48 hours (this was enough for my boys). In cases of severe aggression, I've heard of people keeping cats apart for 2 weeks or more. We humans are so caught up with timeframes in our daily lives that we forget cats work on a schedule all of their own! Pet Remedy Calming Spray provides a natural way of tackling stress and anxiety in cats, dogs and other small animals. It contains a blend of valerian and essential oils and can be sprayed on bedding, blankets and carriers prior to a vet visit. The hardest thing for me as a parent was shutting the boys in separate rooms. What if they forgot each other? What if it made things worse? What if they hated me? Blocking off areas of the house was as inconvenient for me as it was for two cats that are used to having free access to every room on every floor. No one likes disruption to routine, including our furry friends. I was fortunate to have an upstairs and a downstairs so they each had space to roam, but that didn’t stop “Needy” Simba from crying at every door or barrier he came across. It was worse overnight because they'd slept in my room ever since they were kittens. Shutting Drax in the dining room was heartbreaking but, as the more laid-back and independent of the two, it was making the best out of a bad situation. That first night without him was a sleepless one, not just for me. Simba wouldn’t settle and kept going to search for his brother, even when they couldn’t stand to be around each other. Neither understood what was happening, just that everything had changed. I hated it, but I also hated lying awake in fear of when the next fight would break out. There should be no visual contact during separation - a mistake I made more than once. With a dining room door made up of glass panels, it gave perfect opportunity to engage in the "stare-down" I mentioned earlier. I was alerted by the familiar sounds of hissing and yowling so covered the lower panels with paper, but this didn’t stop Drax from jumping onto a stool so he could see over the top of it. I added more paper thinking I’d outsmarted them, but they soon figured out that they could still see each other if one went halfway up the stairs and peered through the banister. Why?! Why did they always insist on looking for each other? I felt like tearing my hair out, but this is a perfect example of two cats that aren’t ready to share the same space. Site Swapping Site swapping involves rotating cats around different rooms or areas of the home so they can spread their scents and pick up the scents of other cats. This might seem strange if they've been living together for months or years prior to this, but it's all about creating a neutral environment where they can reacquaint with each other in a positive way. In the previous post, we discussed things like swapping blankets, bedding and toys if site rotations are difficult. I used both methods to ensure there was always something close by to where the cats slept. One thing I liked to do was rub a blanket or towel over one cat to load it with scent, then rub the same blanket/towel over the other cat so they smelled of each other. Baby gates are useful during separation as you can cover them with a blanket to block off sight, but cats can still hear each other moving around on the other side. This can also be achieved with a door, but it makes reintroduction easier to have a barrier in place that can allow for some visual contact later on. Venture Q-Fix Baby Gate stands at 110cm with two-way opening. Gate is pressure-fitted with an adjustable width of 75-84cm, available in black or white. For the living room, I used this extra tall baby gate from Amazon that's recommended for larger pets as well as children. My boys have never tried to jump over it, but it's easy enough to attach a piece of card by making some holes and using string or cable ties to fasten it to the bars of the door. If your cats are anything like mine and decide to pull up the blanket to create spyholes, a bit of tape should do the trick. I often found them swatting each other through the bars, which was an amusing if not another epic fail on my part. I say amusing because they were actually playing - another benefit of this method - and it showed there was still a bond, however faint. Visit Distraction Reintroducing cats is based around two important distractions: food and play. Meals are the best time to begin reintroductions, starting with feeding cats simultaneously either side of your chosen barrier. Whatever you use, the most important thing is maintaining the no-visuals rule. To recap, you should start by leaving a distance of six to eight feet each way and gradually move bowls closer to the barrier over the following meals. Again, let's not slap a timeframe on this stage because they'll be ready whenever they're ready. The problem arises when you have cats, like mine, that aren't big eaters and would rather sleep than chase a feather wand. For a long time, Simba was too scared to approach his brother - just hearing Drax on the other side of a door was bad enough. This, along with the fact that simply moving his food bowl to an unfamiliar area would upset Mr Needy, was a battle I couldn't win. By the time I managed to tempt him anywhere, Drax had already scoffed his meal so it defeated the purpose. Simba was so averse to this new routine that he resorted to licking crumbs off the floor near his regular food station, which honestly made me cry. He's a sensitive soul and this wasn't working for either of us; hopefully, you can be more persistent or switch to treats like I did (see original post). All being well, once cats are comfortable eating next to each other, you can start raising the blanket to allow some visual contact. Keep it gradual, inch by inch, and be prepared for some initial hissing. If aggression persists then go back a step and try again next time. These are the advantages of using a gate over a door, but the goal can be achieved either way. Just be sure to supervise cats so they can't squeeze through any gaps and, if in doubt, close the door and start over. Play is another great distraction as it burns off energy while helping cats to share a space without the focus being on each other (hopefully!). The more positive associations you create, the more cats will learn that good stuff happens when they're together. Be sure to reward good behaviour with extra treats and, similarly, ignore the not-so-good behaviour. No yelling, no discipline and no punishments - the cold shoulder is a much more effective tactic. We don't want to frighten cats, especially not in the presence of other cats. By contributing to an already negative experience, they're more likely to remember it and associate you with that fear. Once you've lost kitty's trust, it'll be much harder to mediate. Likewise, rushing to soothe your cat can be just as detrimental because they'll learn that such behaviour awards them extra attention; therefore, no attention works both ways! If you're familiar with this site - and my less than energetic cats - you'll know that stimulating play has been a battle all of its own. The most interaction they showed was with a laser pointer, which worked out well because you can direct them both to the barrier so they're effectively chasing the same thing. YVE LIFE Motion Activated Cat Laser Toy has 3 speeds and a range of movement patterns - no more boring circles! Laser has a working distance of around 4 metres and is USB rechargeable. This helped to build up Simba's confidence around his brother without having to worry about potential attacks. Even if they engaged in the occasional hissing and growling war, the barrier prevented Drax from chasing so it couldn't escalate into something worse. Related post: 12 Types of Cat Toys and Games for All Cats to Play It got to a point where Simba would run back and forth chirping at his brother and trying to pat him through the banister, which was an excellent sign that he wanted to play. Of course, we had to cover the gaps with netting due to Drax’s ability to squeeze through anything larger than a letterbox - these are cheap and easy enough to buy online. Reintroduction Once cats are comfortable eating and playing in each other's presence, you face the biggest challenge of all: removing the barrier. Cats will most definitely want to inspect each other, which is probably the first hurdle. Simba was stuck in defence mode for a long time, and rebuilding trust didn't happen overnight. The boys started with a few "nose kisses" which later became head licks, followed by playful but cautious swatting and, finally, full-on wrestling matches and sleeping side by side. That's not to say they always played nice; aggression and fighting seemed to be part of the process, but it was nothing like before. Visit Most altercations were started by Simba being a drama queen, for which I'm not surprised after months of built-up trauma. One sideways look or sudden movement from Drax was enough to throw him into a hissy fit. Sometimes Drax retaliated, other times he did well to keep his composure until I was able to intervene. The biggest issue was with the layout of the house: a hallway, landing and two flights of stairs provided too many chasing zones and stand-off opportunities in those narrow spaces. It was a case of restricting areas as much as possible while allowing them the freedom to play and bond. My best advice is to keep the barrier to hand, just in case! This is the part of my experience that I wanted to share the most because it was undoubtedly the toughest. My boys are such wimps that getting those aggression levels down didn’t take too much effort, even less so with Simba who had more of a confidence issue than anything. Drax had always been a big softy, so to see this darker side of him was shocking to say the least. After a couple of weeks of supervised meetings, I let Drax back into my bedroom overnight and it went better than expected. They played and napped like old times, things were looking up. Unfortunately, I had to revert to separation after a nasty fight broke out that left both boys with scratched faces. Again, I went through the necessary steps and, again, they made friends for all of a few days. I suspect that Simba had finally reached a breaking point, and it seemed to have been triggered by their last altercation. He was one pissed off kitty and could no longer tolerate the sight of his brother. I realised that his anxiety was more deep-rooted than he'd been showing on the surface and Drax's attempts to play were being mistaken for attacks. It wasn't fair on either of them, so with a heavy heart I made the decision to take a step back and give them more time. Over the following month, the boys could only be together under strict supervision which wasn't fun or convenient for anyone. Work, sleep and life in general allows little time for cats. They were in separation for a good portion of the day and night, and I worried about the detrimental effect it might have on their already strained relationship. Was I doing the right thing? Had I somehow caused this? They treated each other like strangers and it was fast becoming the worst experience of my life. I just wanted my boys back! Shop Pet Supplements → A lot of it boils down to trial and error, and there are several areas where we might go wrong - such as pushing cats too fast or giving them too much freedom. If you find that things go downhill after removing the barrier, keep it in place even if cats appear to be getting along. It might be a good idea to introduce cats on different levels, particularly if they're nervous or scared. As a starting point, I waited until Simba was at the top of his cat tree before letting Drax into the room, and Simba would come down in his own time - this is where distraction comes in handy. Simba had to learn that it was safe to pass by his brother, and Drax had to understand that his brother wasn't a moving target. If Simba ran then Drax would chase, which was 90% of the problem and difficult to prevent. I gradually moved the cats to other areas, the main one being my bedroom as it's where they spent a lot of time and I didn't want to have to keep shutting Drax downstairs. Simba would watch cautiously from the safety of the bed while I kept Drax entertained. It was a very long and repetitive process of doing the same routine every day; however, sleeping arrangements are finally back to normal! Shop Pet Furniture → All that being said, we need to allow some freedom to see where cats are at, how much progress they've made and what needs to be worked on. I was overprotective at times, splitting the boys up as soon as one of them hissed which prevented them from establishing a hierarchy. That is, giving Simba the chance to stand up to his brother and say: “NO! This behaviour isn’t okay and I won’t tolerate it." Aggression has a lot to do with personality type and, luckily for me, neither of my boys are truly dominant. Simba was trapped in a victim mentality, which I'm sure was annoying for Drax being hissed at whenever he wanted to walk past. Deep down they were, and always had been, a couple of scaredy-cats - it just presented itself in very different ways. How Long It Took to Reintroduce Cats Four months after the initial separation, my boys can be in the same room together and engage in friendly interactions without being supervised. They've learned to be cautious around each other, which is good in the sense that they're trying to reach an agreement; but when nerves are on edge, it allows for occasional misunderstandings. Unexpectedly bumping into each other in those dreaded doorways is the biggest issue, but aggression is usually vocal and tends not to escalate (with intervention). It's mostly defensive behaviour from Simba and Drax is doing his best not to retaliate, which is surprising given that a few months ago he'd have attacked without any provocation at all. With a combination of environmental changes and natural remedies, such as pheromone diffusers and calming supplements, progress is slow and steady. In some cases, separation and reintroduction is only the beginning of the journey - and that's okay. Related post: Best Cat Calming Plug-in Pheromone Diffusers (Tried and Tested) PawHut Multi-Level Cat Tree with steps for pets to safely climb up and down. Great for kittens, seniors and keeping cats active. Includes sisal-wrapped scratching posts and a plush-covered perch. It's crucial that you deal with or eliminate whatever is triggering a cat's aggression before you start to work on its relationship with other cats. One thing I've learned is that the process will be ineffective if there remains any underlying issues, as was the case with my boys. You wouldn't start a new medication or treatment without getting a diagnosis first, and the same applies here. It was over a month before we figured out that a stray cat had been urine spraying outside, which may not seem very long in human terms; however, a lot of aggression can build up during that time. Regardless of other steps taken, if the stressor remains then cats still have a reason to fight. Secondly, you must provide a calm and neutral setting for reintroduction to occur; and lastly, we have little to no control over how long it takes victim cats to work through their trauma. Adding more territory, safe places and escape routes has played a vital role in helping my boys to stay out of each other's ways. Related post: Feline Aggression: How to Stop Cats Fighting and Attacking Other Cats If aggression is at risk of escalating - that is, cats are unable to resolve things without intervention - then they probably aren't ready to be left unsupervised. It's essential that timid cats have a safe place to withdraw to, even if that means short periods of separation or keeping barriers in place to reduce those unexpected encounters. I usually separate the boys if I'm out of the house or otherwise engaged, just in case something happens and I'm unable to step in. For the most part, I use nanny cams for monitoring which has been a game changer! Not having to follow cats around and check up on them every five seconds is less stressful for everyone, plus it helps to locate any problem areas and make further changes if necessary. There was a time when I couldn't have left them unattended in a single room, but I've been able to gradually open up more of the house while limiting meetings to an hour or less. Most importantly, neither of them are actively seeking confrontation and physical fights are (hopefully) a thing of the past. It's merely a case of rebuilding trust between two naturally skittish cats, which was never going to be easy. The more positive associations we build, the more chance there is of returning to a normal life. Either way, semi-normal is a huge success! Progress Update It's been six months since the boys had their big fall out, and I'm over the moon to report that they're 90% back on track. Their relationship has blossomed over the last few weeks, which at times I feared would never be the case. The only problems we've had is when they've been spooked by an external factor or those surprise encounters (bumping into each other in doorways). The good news is that it's a rarity, and while I'm still very cautious of letting them have free roam of the house, the main thing is being vigilant and taking those preventative measures. This means ensuring there are plenty of resources and territory so they can avoid each other if necessary, and keeping problem areas blocked off. Related post: Small Cat Tree Stands and Towers for All Cats (Tried and Tested) Regular scooping of the litter trays and weekly floor cleans have been essential, as they seem to have a sensitivity to pongs and start obsessively sniffing the floor around the trays. Sharing a toilet never upset them in the past, but it could be that they've become a tad territorial. This is something to consider and rule out whether your cats are showing signs or not. To combat the issue, I invested in several of these Stainless Steel Litter Trays which are so much easier to clean and don't absorb the smell of urine. I use a Comfort Zone diffuser on each floor and am keeping up with Simba's YuMOVE Calming Support Supplements. With a combination of all these things and adapting to their requirements, balance is slowly being restored. Related Post: Top 10 Products I Used to Help Reintroduce Fighting Cats I don't doubt that they'll still have their spats, but it's a joy to see them spending more time together and rekindling a bond that was almost lost. If my two drama queens can get past their difficulties then there's every hope that yours will, too! *UPDATE* Almost a year on, the boys are continuing to improve and have come further than I'd hoped for. They're not only happy to share a space; they actually want to spend time together. Whether it's playing chase up and down the stairs, a game of WrestleMania or taking a snooze, their old selves are at last beginning to shine through. They still have their moments but no worse than your average kitty cat, and it's never initiated by Drax. Simba is such a sensitive boy that I suspect he has lingering trauma from the old attacks. Whether Drax decides to react depends on his mood, but he's always eager to make friends afterwards. Visit I'm in the process of opening up the last few areas of the house that have been blocked off, starting with site rotations so each cat can familiarise themselves with the rooms separately. This is followed by supervised meetings and then monitoring on the nanny cams - well, some would call it spying but whatever works! A few of the doorways are still a working progress, particularly those tucked around corners. I've been using a spritz of Feliway Classic Spray in these areas and it seems to be working wonders. One by one, we're getting there! Best of all, Simba is officially off the calming supplements. The boys have free roam of the house during the day, something I didn't think possible 12 months ago when the aggression was at its worst. I'm hesitant to leave them alone in an empty house, but it's more for peace of mind than anything. If that's the only time I have to separate them, it's something I can live with. They've already come this far and I remain hopeful that, in another 6-12 months, there's every chance of returning to a normal life. I'll continue to update as further progress is made, but my number one piece of advice is to give your kitties all the time they need! Summary Think about the layout of the home and utilise space. Whether that's with cat trees and stands; or to save space, things like window hammocks and wall-mounted shelving. Existing furniture can also be adapted: for example, placing a basket or blanket on top of a chest of drawers with a small side table to jump up. Try different pheromone diffusers, calming sprays and supplements to see which is most effective. Block off problem zones or minimise roaming space to reduce unnecessary conflict. Allow cats some alone time, even if that means waiting until one's having a nap and shutting it in a room so the other has the freedom to play and explore. Separate if there's any aggression with a short timeout. Reward positive behaviour and ignore the negative. Be patient and stick to a routine. The boys sharing a cat tree after 12 long months! Mentioned Products Stainless Steel Cat Litter Tray Comfort Zone Calming Diffuser Kit YuMOVE Calming Care for Cats Feliway Classic Spray Imou Security Camera Do you have a personal experience to share? Let us know in the comments how reintroduction went for you (and your kitties!). If you need any further advice or recommendations then don't hesitate to get in touch.

*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases at no cost to you. All photos are my own. I am not being paid to promote any of the products mentioned in this article. Cats are prone to stress due to many factors, namely their environment. The domestic setting is a world apart from their natural habitat, and cats have specific requirements as far as their territory and resources go. Feline behaviour and psychology are complex subjects, but a combination of science, research and technology has at last provided us with a safe and natural method of alleviating some of the problems cats face. Pheromone diffusers are more in demand now than ever before, and in this article I'll be sharing my top five. Top Picks at a Glance Go to review ⇨ Premium Choice Feliway Optimum 30 Day Starter Kit ✓ Clinically proven. ✓ Targets a wide range of behavioural issues. ✓ Effective from one week. Go to review ⇨ Best Value Comfort Zone Single & Multi-Cat Calming Kit ✓ For single and multi-cat households. ✓ Value for money. ✓ Auto safety shut-off. Go to review ⇨ Best Multi-Cat Feliway Friends 30 Day Starter Kit ✓ Clinically proven. ✓ Reduces tension and conflict. ✓ Effective from one week. Go to review ⇨ Best Budget TeddyDo Cat Calming 60 Day Diffuser Pack ✓ Targets stress and anxiety. ✓ Pack of 2 diffusers. ✓ Inexpensive. Go to review ⇨ Best 2-in-1 Beaphar CatComfort Excellence Calming Diffuser ✓ 2-in-1 formula. ✓ For single and multi-cat households. ✓ Reduces stress and conflict. Pheromone diffusers contain synthetic pheromones that mimic the chemicals that cats naturally release from various glands around their bodies, in particular the feline facial pheromones (FFP). Diffusers are plugged into a wall socket and slowly emit the vapour in a similar fashion to scent marking, where cats rub their faces on objects to make themselves feel safe, secure and familiar within their environment. Pheromone diffusers are drug-free, odourless and undetectable to other animals and humans. Visit Diffusers are commonly used to reduce anxiety-related behaviours such as spraying or urinating outside the litterbox, overgrooming, scratching and hiding. Situations you might want to use a diffuser include: Moving house. Changes such as a new pet, baby or home renovations. Fireworks and other stressful events. Fighting between household cats. Travelling or vet visits. Check out this post for a more in-depth look at these cat calming gadgets: Cat Pheromone Diffusers: What Are They and Do They Actually Work? Having tried some of the most popular diffusers to tackle aggression between my boys - and spending a lot of time and money (so you don't have to!) - I thought I'd share my experiences to help make your decision a little bit easier. These reviews include comparisons, advantages and disadvantages; and benefits according to the type of behaviour your cat is exhibiting. Related post: 3 Reasons Why Your Bonded Cats Are Fighting I know all too well what it's like living with stressed out kitties that take their frustrations out on each other; a lot of the time, it's hard to pinpoint exactly what those stressors are. Pheromone diffusers aren't a miracle cure and won't eliminate the root cause of any particular behaviour. It's recommended to use them in conjunction with other necessary changes or advice from a behaviourist. Best Cat Calming Pheromone Diffusers Premium Choice Feliway Optimum 30 Day Starter Kit Feliway Optimum contains a brand new pheromone complex for enhanced serenity and is designed to address a wider range of behavioural issues than its predecessor (Feliway Classic). The exact type of pheromones used remains a mystery, but studies show that 93% of users noticed significant reductions in scratching, urine spraying, conflict, fear and hiding. Effects can be seen as early as 1 week, but it's recommended to allow up to a month for best results. Diffusers cover 70m² and a single vial is supposed to last for up to 30 days, but as with all diffusers tested, the reality is just short of that. Feliway is known as the number one cat behavioural product, backed by over 25 years of science and research into pet welfare. It's clinically proven and recommended by vets worldwide, with thousands of positive reviews and a higher price tag than other brands tested. Given all of the above, I had high hopes that Feliway Optimum would help to reduce conflict between my boys. I never expected it to be a solution as the underlying cause of aggression must be addressed, along with any learned or associated behaviours. The most effect it seemed to have was on Simba who's a nervy cat in general, so it might be more suited to anxiety-related issues. Generally, the product is highly rated for settling tension between cats where other signs of anxiety are present; and territorial behaviour when introducing cats for the first time. It's also said to help with scratching, crying and hiding. In rare cases, it's been suggested that using Feliway made cats worse - which is something I did experience with Drax in terms of his aggression towards Simba. I can't definitively blame it on the diffuser, but I can't rule it out either! Feliway is all about promoting calm behaviour. Sadly one cat responded better than the other, but it could be due to aggression having been triggered by external circumstances. My sibling cats had been bonded for many years before problems arose, which you can read about here for more background. ✓ Clinically-proven formula. ✓ Effective from 1 week. ✓ Targets a range of behavioural issues. ✓ Covers 70m² ✕ Some cats experience negative effects. ✕ Expensive. Best Value Comfort Zone Single & Multi-Cat Calming Kit Comfort Zone contains an analogue of feline pheromones and is similar to Feliway in terms of usage and targeted behaviours associated with stress and anxiety. It's proven to be 95% effective at reducing urine marking and is suitable for both single and multi-cat households where conflict is present. The diffuser contains 5% pheromones, which is higher than Feliway's 2%. Overall, I found it more effective in restoring some level of harmony between my boys. It didn't stop the fighting without other changes, but Simba was much less skittish and hissy - you can definitely tell when the vial is empty! I can't say if it's down to that extra 3% pheromones or differences in the formula itself but, even so, there are other things to like about Comfort Zone. It has a simple, stylish design and was the only diffuser that didn't leave an oily residue that attracts dust to the vents. It also has an automatic safety shut-off in case of overheating. Most owners see results within 2 weeks and it covers 60m², which is slightly less than competitors. The biggest downfall, however, is that it only lasted 3 weeks instead of the 30 days as stated, but this was during the summer months. Having been a long-term user of Comfort Zone and other brands, they generally last longer in lower temperatures and humidity levels because the oils evaporate slower. Taking all of this into account, you'll likely need more than one diffuser for best results. While Comfort Zone doesn't come with the backing that Feliway has, it's almost half the price and refills offer even more value for money - although they're not always available. Continually repurchasing the plug-in can become an inconvenient expense. Nevertheless, I highly recommend it as a cheaper (and in my case, more effective) alternative to Feliway for aggression where anxiety isn't the main cause. Redirected aggression, fear, pain and trauma are just a few reasons why cats might turn on each other. Comfort Zone was the only diffuser that had a positive effect on the (uncharacteristic) aggression that Drax had been displaying towards his brother. Customers also report improvements when settling cats in new environments; introducing other cats and reducing cat-to-human aggression. It's largely effective on scratching and urine marking. Needless to say, it's my go-to brand and I'm still using it with success to this day! ✓ Suitable for single and multi-cat households. ✓ Targets stress and conflict. ✓ Contains 5% pheromones. ✓ Auto safety shut-off. ✕ Only lasts 3-4 weeks. ✕ Covers 60m². Best Multi-Cat Feliway Friends 30 Day Starter Kit Feliway Friends (Multicat in the USA) is slightly different to other diffusers mentioned as it contains a synthetic version of feline appeasing pheromones (CAP) which a mother releases to her kittens. Similar to FFP, these are used to make kittens feel safe and protected; as well as aiding bonding and harmonious interactions between littermates. The Feliway Friends diffuser is recommended for multi-cat households to minimise tension and conflict by targeting behaviours such as blocking, chasing and fighting. I was initially excited to find a diffuser that suited my cats' specific needs but, unfortunately, the effects were minimal. I don't blame the diffuser itself as there were external factors. Feedback is mixed, with some customers claiming it solved conflict issues and others stating that it made no difference. Many use Feliway Friends when introducing new kittens to existing cats without success, but this could be due to not going through the proper introduction process rather than a problem with the diffuser. Bringing a young, energetic kitten into the home can be extremely off-putting for other residents, particularly if you have a cat that's used to living alone. So too, pheromones are no substitute for play, which is essential for burning off excess energy - another common cause of conflict. Hyperactivity is part of being a kitten, and if you suspect there's a problem then you should consult a vet for advice. That being said, there are other situations in which Feliway Friends might be beneficial. The most positive results seem to be with nervous cats; cats that generally annoy each other and where conflict is triggered by changes, such as moving house or additional pets (not necessarily kittens). As this product isn't typically used for other signs of stress, there's limited information on its effectiveness. Feliway Friends comes in a little cheaper than Optimum and was the first product that was scientifically proven to reduce conflict and tension between cats living in the same household. You can read a more detailed comparison of Feliway diffusers here: Feliway Reviews: Classic, Optimum and Friends Diffuser Comparison ✓ Clinically-proven formula. ✓ Suitable for multi-cat households. ✓ Reduces conflict and fighting. ✓ Covers 70m² ✕ Not effective on all stress-related behaviours. ✕ Expensive. Best Budget TeddyDo Cat Calming 60 Day Diffuser Pack *At the time of testing, this was a single 35-day diffuser. It has since been updated to a 60-day double pack. TeddyDo mimics the feline facial pheromone (FFP) to help reduce all typical signs of stress and create a calming environment for cats. The actual percentage of pheromones isn't specified on the product packaging, nor does it mention being suitable for multi-cat households to tackle conflict and fighting. I bought TeddyDo as a comparison because I wanted to see if Feliway really is worth all the hype. It did seem to help with Simba's anxiety, although not as successfully as Comfort Zone. However, I didn't give it longer than a month due to the weird plastic smell. There were no faults with the diffuser and it wasn't overheating, it just had a synthetic smell that I hadn't experienced with other plug-ins. I'd seen this issue raised in a few other reviews so didn't purchase another once the trial run was over. It could have been a simple defect so I wouldn't rule it out based on the smell alone. The diffuser has a built-in light so you know it's working properly, which is a nice touch - although some might not appreciate the quirky design. Once lit up, it looks even more like something from outer space. One vial claims to last 35 days but it was more like 4 weeks, and it covers a slightly above average 72m² for larger living areas. I can't speak for behaviours that are purely stress-related because they weren't the issues I was having, although many owners report improvements with urine spraying, scratching, crying, hiding and nervousness. Happier cats are more likely to get along than unhappy cats. If you can get past the smell and want to try a budget diffuser, TeddyDo is a worthy competitor. ✓ Better coverage with 2 diffusers. ✓ Targets stress and anxiety. ✓ Safety light. ✓ Value for money. ✕ Doesn't target tension or conflict. ✕ Unpleasant smell. Best 2-in-1 Beaphar CatComfort Excellence Calming Diffuser CatComfort Excellence is the new and improved offering from Beaphar, replacing the original CatComfort Diffuser. It combines 2% feline facial pheromone to reduce stress-related behaviours, and 2% feline appeasing pheromone (CAP) to aid bonding in multi-cat homes. While CatComfort is FFP only, Excellence is designed to create an overall sense of calm with its 2-in-1 pheromone technology. You could say that this dual formula combines the best of Feliway Classic and Feliway Friends, at a more affordable price. It's recommended for new situations, environments and introducing new pets. Since the Comfort Zone diffusers have limited availability compared to when I originally wrote this review, I needed something equally as effective without breaking the bank. My cats have greatly improved since I tested the other diffusers, so it may not be a fair comparison in terms of aggression. However, they haven't got any worse since switching to CatComfort Excellence - if anything, they've shown further improvement. The plug is compatible with the standard CatComfort refills, so if you find one to be ineffective then you can alternate without having to buy a new plug-in. The smart design doesn't attract dust like some other brands. Many customers agree that diffusers offer value for money and are effective in a range of situations. It's shown positive results for general anxiety, separation anxiety and multi-cat conflict; as well as reducing destructive behaviours like clawing furniture and spraying. I've found that diffusers last around 28 days but, in some cases, one vial has been reported to last as little as 2 weeks. Another benefit of these diffusers is that they can be used alongside other Beaphar calming products for increased happiness and harmony. Learn more in this dedicated post: Beaphar Cat Calming Products: Diffuser, Spray, Spot-On, Collar and Tablets ✓ Contains 2 types of pheromones. ✓ Suitable for single and multi-cat households. ✓ Targets stress and conflict. ✓ Covers 70m². ✕ Only lasts 2-4 weeks. ✕ Refills not much cheaper than diffusers. Other Cat Calming Plug-Ins Aside from those reviewed, there are numerous diffusers available on the market across many different brands. Here are a few others you might be interest in. Feliway Classic 30 Day Starter Kit Feliway Classic is the original Feliway diffuser and mimics FFP to create a sense of comfort, familiarity and safety. While Optimum targets a wider range of behavioural issues, Classic is recommended to help reduce hiding, urine spraying, scratching and overgrooming. Feliway states that owners reported a reduction in urine marking in 9 out of 10 cats after four weeks. According to the 38,000+ reviews on Amazon, Feliway Classic does what it says on the box and has earned an impressive rating. Some customers claim it didn't work or made their cats worse. At a slightly lower price than Optimum, it's definitely worth trying as an alternative option. Pheromone: 2% FFP Coverage: 70m² Usage: 30 days TopSum Cat Calming Plug-In Diffuser The TopSum diffuser pack comes with two plug-ins and two refills to cover multiple areas of the home, which is great value for money - especially if you have several cats. Similar to Beaphar CatComfort Excellence, it mimics both FFP and CAP to promote a sense of security and create a calming environment. This is recommended for multi-cat conflict; fears such as loud noises; new environments; urine spraying and scratching. It may be less well known than other brands but is fast becoming a popular choice, with owners reporting success in calming nervous or skittish cats and introducing new pets. With two diffusers included, you're getting more for your money - assuming they're compatible with your furry friends! Most owners see results within 2 weeks, but some people found the diffuser to be ineffective. Pheromone: 5% FFP/CAP Coverage: 70m² Usage: 30 days (per diffuser) Puyrzoe Cat Calming Diffuser Puyrzoe Cat Calming Diffuser contains a copy of the feline appeasing pheromone to reduce stress and tension in multi-cat homes, similar to Feliway Friends. The pack contains one diffuser and two refills, making it a cheaper alternative. It also helps to create a more relaxed living space to reduce common stress-related behaviours. A distinguishing feature of Puyrzoe is that it has a built-in timer so you don't have to worry about leaving electrical appliances on when you're away from home. It automatically turns off and restarts at the same time every day, and it can be set on 8, 12 or 24-hour modes to suit your cat's routine. Pheromone: 2% CAP Coverage: 70m² Usage: 30 days (per diffuser) Pet Remedy Calming Plug-In Diffuser Pet Remedy isn't technically a pheromone diffuser but worth mentioning as a natural or holistic alternative. It contains a blend of valerian, vetiver, basil and clary sage essential oils to tackle stress and anxiety. This works with pets' natural calming systems to make them less reactive to stressful situations, and the effects start to help within a few minutes. Pet Remedy helps to create a calm environment and settle fired-up nerves, which may lead to improvements in other behaviours like scratching and urine spraying. It's also recommended for new environments, travelling, separation anxiety and fear (such as fireworks). Some people complain about the herbal aroma, but that's to be expected with essential oils. One vial is supposed to last 2 months, which is great value for money. You can use the diffuser in combination with other Pet Remedy products. Ingredients: Valerian and essential oils Coverage: 60m² Usage: 60 days Summary As I always say when recommending or reviewing diffusers, make sure you give products a chance to work before moving onto the next one. Most claim that effects can be seen as early as 1-2 weeks, but this isn't a set timeframe and all cats will respond differently. Allow at least a month for best results and continue to use even if you see improvements in your cat's behaviour. Diffusers can be used for short-term or long-term issues and should be started at least two weeks prior to stressful events, such as moving house. As well as diffusers, you can get calming sprays to use on things like bedding, cat trees and carriers before a vet visit. Other options include wipes, collars, supplements and herbal treats. Related post: Calming Supplement Reviews: ZylKene and YuMOVE Calming Care for Cats (Tried and Tested) Information accurate from June 2026 and may be subject to change. Have you tried any of the diffusers mentioned or did these reviews help you to make a decision? Share your experiences and feedback in the comments to help out fellow cat parents.

*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases at no cost to you. All photos are my own. I am not being paid to promote any of the products mentioned in this article. Pet Remedy was founded in 2000 as a new way of tackling stress and anxiety in pets. Products are made and developed in England, UK, and exported to 21 countries worldwide. Pet Remedy is available to buy in Pets at Home and other pet store chains; and online from Amazon, eBay or direct from the brand's website. It's stocked by thousands of veterinary practices and rescue organisations, which is a testament to the quality and effectiveness of their range. Pet Remedy is available as a plug diffuser, calming spray, wipes and battery atomiser. At a Glance Go to review ⇨ Best for Long-Term Use Calming Plug-In Diffuser ✓ Slowly releases essential oils. ✓ Lasts up to 60 days. ✓ Covers 60m². Go to review ⇨ Best for Small Areas Battery-Operated Atomiser ✓ Works on a timer with 3 modes. ✓ Lasts up to 8 weeks. ✓ Portable. Go to review ⇨ Best for Stressful Events Calming Spray ✓ 200ml bottle. ✓ Lasts for 2-6 hours. ✓ Can help pets to bond. Go to review ⇨ Best for Travelling Calming Wipes ✓ Use on carriers and other surfaces. ✓ Eco-friendly and biodegradable. ✓ Portable. What Is Pet Remedy? Pet Remedy is clinically proven to work with pets' natural calming systems by mimicking GABA, a natural calming agent present in all mammals, birds and reptiles. When a pet becomes anxious or stressed, the active ingredients in Pet Remedy help to trick fired-up nerve cells into thinking they're getting a message from the brain to calm down. The effects are immediate and, unlike feline pheromone products, they can be used on other pets and animals. Benefits include: Helping animals to feel safe in unpredictable situations and environments. Making animals more aware of their surroundings and receptive to owners so you can focus on calming their behaviour, which makes it ideal for training. Aiding decision making and emotional resilience to cope with stressful events. Improving social connections with other animals. Usage: Travelling and carriers. Vet visits. Separation anxiety. Fireworks and other loud noises. Introducing new pets. Moving house. Training. Bonding. Remember, Pet Remedy is only a support mechanism that helps to calm excited nerves. It won't eliminate underlying or external issues, and there's still a matter of learnt and reactive behaviours to deal with. Visit Ingredients Products contain a low concentration of valerian, vetiver, basil and clary sage essential oils, which are safe for cats. Valerian (Valeriana officinalis) is a herb that's renowned for its calming and relaxing effects. People have been using valerian root for centuries to reduce feelings of nervousness, tension and to improve sleep. This means that a lot of formulas are too potent for cats and can sedate rather than calm. Pet Remedy sources their oil from Europe, where their valerian plants are grown organically using pig manure as fertiliser. Diffusers deliver a slow, constant release which is gentle on a cat's metabolism, while sprays and wipes are pH neutral and water based. Pet Remedy and other cat-calming products should not be used in place of veterinary treatment. You should always take your pet for a health check-up to rule out illness or disease. Best for Long-Term Use Pet Remedy Calming Plug-In Diffuser Diffusers should be plugged in where cats spend most of their time so the calming solution can slowly release into the surrounding area. Key points: Easy to use. Covers up to 60m² (large room). Only 5 watts - cheap to run. Lasts up to 60 days. Refill bottles available. Review Having used this diffuser for a couple of months when tackling aggression between sibling cats - along with several other brands - it's worth noting that Pet Remedy shouldn't be confused with or compared to a pheromone-based diffuser. While both can be used in similar situations as a safe and effective way to reduce stress, they function in different ways and you should choose the product that's most suitable for your cats. Chances are, you won't know what works until you try - and that means giving products enough time to see the full effects. In my experience, Pet Remedy is most likely to benefit nervous or excitable cats; and during periods of increased stress (fireworks, travelling, etc). It's reported to be great for reducing fear and associated behaviours, including hiding and excessive crying. If your kitty is exhibiting problem behaviours on a regular basis, such as urine spraying or using your sofa as a scratch post, it may respond better to pheromones. These mimic the chemicals that cats naturally release to make themselves feel safe and secure within their environment, so there should be less need for territory marking or fighting. This is ONLY a guideline as each cat will respond differently - or in some cases, not at all. Related post: Best Cat Calming Plug-in Pheromone Diffusers (Tried and Tested) That being said, Pet Remedy diffuser did seem to promote relaxation when placed in the cats' sleeping areas. It didn't stop the fighting and I can't say that I noticed a difference in aggression levels, generally speaking. I'd usually confine the boys to separate rooms after a physical fight, each with a diffuser to help them calm down. Overall, I can live without Pet Remedy, but having a pheromone diffuser has played a crucial role in reducing tension and conflict. Other people claim that Pet Remedy helps in multi-cat homes (where aggression isn't present) simply by creating a more harmonious environment. Customer feedback is positive in regards to value for money with diffusers lasting up to two months, while opinions are mixed on effectiveness. The most negative point seems to be the smell, but this should be expected with essential oils. While there definitely is an earthy, herbal kind of aroma, it's only around the diffuser itself and by no means unpleasant. I happened to find it rather soothing, even if some cats don't! For locations where a plug socket isn't available, you might find the Pet Remedy Atomiser more suitable. Operated by 3x AA batteries, it delivers a metered dose every 30, 60 or 120 minutes. It's suitable for a small 10m² room, which is much less than the diffuser and at a significantly higher cost. A 250ml bottle lasts up to 8 weeks and refills are available. Best for Stressful Events Pet Remedy Calming Spray The calming spray is great for travel and in the home. Just a couple of squirts is all you need for bedding, cat trees, problem areas (where cats scratch or urinate) and carriers prior to a vet visit. You should avoid spraying directly onto pets so they don't associate the spray with stressful situations. It can be used to aid bonding between cats by spraying a little onto your fingers and gently rubbing around muzzles, under the chin and top of the chest. This helps with scent swapping as well as calming. You can also spray onto harnesses or leads when walking an anxious cat or dog. Key points: Starts to help instantly. Easy to use trigger spray with generous 200ml. Lasts for 2-6 hours depending on the individual pet. Water-based, pH-neutral formula is safe on pets' skin and coat. Can be used in conjunction with plug diffuser. Review I'll be honest and say I'm never without a Pet Remedy spray, even if I don't use it too often. The convenience over a diffuser wins it for me and, as mentioned, most of my plug sockets are taken up by pheromone diffusers. My boys are incredibly skittish and have been known to get hissy with each other, so I'll spritz some Pet Remedy around for an extra level of calm. The most use it's had is during fireworks, and there's a noticeable difference to how quickly they get over the trauma. Simba actually sleeps through the quieter ones! The 200ml bottle is larger than other calming sprays on the market and you don't need much to see the effects. Which will be a relief for some because, yes, it does come with the classic Pet Remedy aroma. It's more pungent than the diffuser when first sprayed, but if it does what it's supposed to then the smell is a small price to pay for happy cats. Customers claim the product works well in conjunction with the Pet Remedy diffuser and is very effective for travelling, settling pets and generally making stressful situations more bearable. For more recommendations, check out these 6 Best Cat Calming Sprays Best for Travelling Pet Remedy Calming Wipes Wipes are an alternative to Pet Remedy Calming Spray and can be used in the same manner by wiping over bedding, carriers, harnesses; or tying to a basket when travelling. They're also good for use in veterinary clinics and grooming parlours to wipe down surfaces. The main advantage over a spray is that you can rub wipes over your hands before handling a nervous animal, and there's less risk of spooking it than with a spray trigger. Key points: Single use. Eco friendly. Made of viscose and 100% compostable and biodegradable. Review Admittedly, I didn't go out of my way to purchase these calming wipes but got a couple of freebies with the plug diffuser. The individual sachets are handy for carrying around and keep wipes moist for longer than a large pack. As far as wipes go, they're a decent thickness and seemed to do everything the spray does - apart from sending my two wimplings running from the room, which is a bonus. Customers appreciate the portable option and say the wipes are ideal for keeping in cars for travelling and walking pets. Pet Remedy Calming Kits Other Pet Remedy offerings include a range of grooming products; massage brush; heat pad; bandanas and calming kits for different situations. Kits are great value for money and come highly recommended. Party Season Survival Kit Keep your pet calm and relaxed during party seasons including Bonfire Night, New Year and other noisy celebrations. Includes: 1 x Plug Diffuser 1 x 15ml Calming Spray 3 x Calming Wipes Extra Value 120 Day Starter Pack This kit contains everything you need to get started and is best value for money. Perfect for settling pets into new homes or environments; stressful situations and anxiety-related behaviours. Includes: 1 x Plug Diffuser with 2 refills. 1 x 75ml Calming Spray 12 x Calming Wipes Calming Kit Another great pack ideal for travelling with pets or testing out products. Includes: 1 x Plug Diffuser 1 x 200ml Calming Spray 1 x Mini Calming Spray 12 x Calming Wipes When it comes down to it, choosing the best Pet Remedy product will depend on a combination of factors including behaviour, situation and circumstances. If you're still unsure then purchasing a kit will give you some options as well as saving a few quid! Information accurate from May 2026 and may be subject to change. Have you tried Pet Remedy? Which product worked best for your cats? Share your experiences in the comments.

*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases at no cost to you. All photos are my own. I am not being paid to promote any of the products mentioned in this article. Small Cat Trees: PawHut Small Cat Stand with Bed PawHut Multi-Level Cat Tree with Condo PawHut Climbing Tower with Steps PETSITE Purple Kitten Tower with Ladder PawHut Cat Scratching Post with Bed More PawHut Small Cat Tree PETEPELA Self-Groomer Cat Tree PawHut Cat Tower with Condo Yaheetech Cat Tower with Platform Cat trees are an essential piece of feline furniture, not only for sleeping but to provide climbing and scratching opportunities; however, they can take up a lot of room. In the UK, our living spaces tend to be rather compact! There are so many options to choose from: wall-mounted shelves, window hammocks and floor-to-ceiling trees are ideal for making use of vertical space in smaller areas or apartments. If you're looking for something less cumbersome to fit in your living room without causing an eclipse (I know the feeling!) then smaller stands or perches can be tucked in corners; next to your sofa; under your desk or anywhere kitties like to hang out. They're also great for adding different heights for all ages and activity levels. Top Picks At a Glance Go to review ⇨ Best Single Seater PawHut Small Cat Stand with Bed ✓ Large, spacious bed. ✓ Sturdy particle board. ✓ Scratch posts and hanging pompoms. Go to review ⇨ Best Multi-Cat PawHut Mult-Level Cat Tree with Condo ✓ Padded top bed and middle perch. ✓ Spacious condo. ✓ Massager and hanging pompoms. Go to review ⇨ Best for Climbing PawHut Climbing Tower with Steps ✓ Single top bed. ✓ Large steps for kittens and seniors. ✓ Scratching pads. Two years ago, my home was turned into a house of horror when my young sibling cats started fighting out of the blue. Having never dealt with inter-cat aggression before, it was a major learning curve as to what the domestic cat actually needs in order to live a full and enriched life. Many cats find the home setting to be extremely stress-inducing due to their solitary nature in the wild, particularly indoor cats. Pet food and supply companies are constantly evolving to meet the complex requirements of modern kitties, as well as offering them all of the luxuries they deserve. Who'd have thought pet sofas would be a thing one day? Related post: Signs of Stress in Cats, Causes and Treatment As someone who's grown up with cats, it's easy to see how standards have not only risen but excelled over the years. When I was little, all I remember is Whiskas cat food and clay litter. Cat trees weren't invented until the late 60's (I'm not that old) but they were still somewhat of a luxury growing up, and nowhere near as elaborate as they are now. When one of my boys started using every nook and cranny to stalk and ambush the other, I had to get creative and make a lot of changes to the home. Hundreds of pounds and an equal amount of grey hairs later, peace has been restored - and it was worth every penny. That's not to say you need to spend a fortune on cat furniture, most will be happy with a cardboard box and your dad's armchair. Mine were some unique circumstances that left me pretty desperate for a solution. Giving cats more territory to claim as their own can help to make them feel at home, and I came across some great buys that I wanted to share. Related post: 10 Best Types of Cat Beds Small Cat Tree Stands and Towers Best Single Seater PawHut Small Cat Stand with Bed This PawHut Cat Stand stood out to me due to the large bed, which is roomy enough to fit my 5kg and 6.5kg boys without them being squashed. I don't consider my cats as being particularly big, but a lot of cat tree perches and condos are ridiculously small for the average adult cat. The bed isn't cushioned but it's covered with 100% polyester velvet - warm for winter nights and cool for the summer. The large base is made from solid particle board, with double jute scratch posts to prevent it from toppling over. Bed size: 44cm x 34cm The product description states that the stand is suitable for cats under 5kg, but it could easily hold some of the larger breeds; as well as being low for seniors. It features two hanging pompoms and is available in white or grey. Overall dimensions: 42cm (h) x 48cm (w) x 38cm (d) ✓ Medium and large cats. ✓ Spacious bed. ✓ Sturdy particle board. ✓ Scratch posts and hanging pompoms. ✕ Bed isn't padded. ✕ Single cat. Best Multi-Cat PawHut Mult-Level Cat Tree with Condo The PawHut Multi-Level Cat Tree comes with a padded top bed; plush condo and perch; sisal scratch posts; hanging pompom and massager for added enrichment. As you can see, not only am I a fan of PawHut, but I chose a few of these stands because they were the right height for window gazing - and this one fits multiple criteria. It's small and compact enough to fit behind a TV unit, while having a roomy condo and bed that both of my boys can fit in snugly, despite being recommended for cats under 4.5kg. They actually had a scrap on this when Drax snuck into the living room during a separation period, and it didn't budge with a combined 11.5kg hanging off the sides. Bed size: 42cm x 34cm; Condo: 39cm x 29cm Needless to say, this combines quality and sturdiness with climbing ability for seniors and growing kittens. The only negative is that assembly was tricky, but a little blasphemy never hurt anyone - least of all the cats! Overall diameter: 85 (h) x 48cm (w) x 48cm (d). ✓ Small and medium cats. ✓ Spacious condo and padded top bed. ✓ Massager and scratch posts. ✓ Hanging pompom. ✕ Tricky to assemble. Best for Climbing PawHut Climbing Tower with Steps Always the tester - or poser, whichever fits - Drax loves being king of the castle. I originally bought the PawHut Climbing Tower for Simba to use as a quick escape during Drax's unprovoked attacks but, in typical kitty fashion, he did the opposite of what I wanted and completely ignored it. It worked out well in the end because Drax will plant his backside on anything and as long as he was out of the way, these unpleasant encounters became less and less. Bed size: 30cm x 30cm The different levels or steps help to keep cats active, as well as benefiting seniors that can't jump onto high platforms and kittens learning to explore. The steps are covered in plush fabric with sisal scratch mats for easy gripping and sharpening claws. At the very top is a cosy lounging spot, although it's rather small even for Drax. Yet, somehow, he always manages to squeeze into the tiniest of spaces - there's a reason he's nicknamed "Mr Slinky". This climbing tower is available in beige or grey to suit your decor. Overall dimensions: 100cm (h) x 50cm (w) x 50cm (d) ✓ Small and medium cats. ✓ Top bed. ✓ 3 climbing steps. ✓ Scratching mats. ✕ Small bed with no padding. PETSITE Purple Kitten Tower with Ladder Okay, I admit it - this Kitten Tower was too cute not to buy! Although the ladder was a tad ridiculous for my adult cats so I never attached it, but I've added a reference image below. Cuteness aside, the flower-shaped bed is a good size considering it's made for young kittens. Proudly modelled by Drax at just under 5kg, sporting a battle scar on his nose from a scrap with his brother - and a rather untamed winter beard. I should have given it a comb but the photo opportunity was too good to miss. Bed size: 31.5cm x 31.5cm I was initially concerned that the stand's delicate build and narrow scratch post would leave it looking like the Leaning Tower of Pisa, but Drax has spent many evenings curled up on it and enjoys using the scratcher. I wouldn't usually recommend it for adult cats, but it's an ample size for growing kittens as well as those learning to climb. The stand is covered by mohair plush fabric which doesn't shed, and it has a curved ladder for helping little claws to grip. A popular choice that sells out fast, so grab it as and when you can! Overall dimensions: 48.5cm (h) x 39.5cm (w) x 39.5cm (d) ✓ Small cats and kittens. ✓ Wide top perch. ✓ 4-step climbing ladder. ✓ Scratch post and hanging pompom. ✕ Won't fit larger cats. ✕ Not very sturdy. ✕ Single cat (or 2 kittens) Visit PawHut Cat Scratching Post with Bed A simple PawHut design featuring a scratch post made from jute rope, and a large round bed with a soft plush interior. Small and compact, this is tucked away in the living room's bay window and just the right height for people watching. It's a decent size for small to medium cats to curl up in, but the high sides are a little restrictive. The stand is recommended for cats weighing up to 4kg, which is about right as far as space goes. Drax doesn't mind squashing up inside the bed, even if he does resemble a Russian hat; but Simba (6.5kg) hasn't even made the attempt! Bed size: 35cm x 35cm Overall, this high-quality stand is neat and contemporary with a sturdy structure, solid base and hanging pompom. It's available in beige, grey or white. Overall dimensions: 49cm (h) x 40cm (w) x 40cm (d) ✓ Small and medium cats. ✓ Stylish and compact. ✓ Sturdy base. ✓ Scratch post and hanging pompom. ✕ Won't fit larger cats. ✕ Bed isn't padded. ✕ Single cat. PawHut Small Cat Tree An interesting design featuring two resting spots: a cute paw-shaped platform and lower bed for multiple cats to share. The stand is covered in soft plush with a sisal scratching post and hanging pompom. This is the smallest cat tree reviewed from PawHut and, though it claims to support cats up to 5kg, even Drax struggles to perch on the top; while Simba makes the whole thing wobble. I initially got it for the base as my cats like dens, so my plan was to drape a blanket over the perch. While this isn't as stable as I'd hoped, it takes up hardly any space and is best for kittens or small cats. Overall dimensions: 44cm (h) x 41cm (w) x 41cm (d) Bed size: 32cm x 31cm ✓ Small cats and kittens. ✓ 2 resting spots. ✓ Compact. ✓ Scratch post and hanging pompom. ✕ Won't fit larger cats. ✕ Not very sturdy. Shop Pet Furniture → PETEPELA Self-Groomer Cat Tree With double posts and a heavy particle board base, this compact little activity centre from PETEPELA is sturdier than it looks. Featuring a sisal scratching post and scratch mat; grooming arch; hanging pompom and ball on a spring. The top bed isn't huge and is described as being suitable for small to medium cats, but it must be comfy because Simba loves it. Even better, the cushion is removeable for easy washing. Bed size: 44cm x 35cm This is a cool, multi-functional product that can be used for playing, grooming, scratching and sleeping. It doubles up as a boredom breaker and can be enjoyed by multiple cats at the same time. Overall dimensions: 50cm (h) x 40cm (w) x 50cm (d) *This product has been discontinued but you can find similar ones here: Metatell Cat Tree Activity Centre Fobyfurny Cat Tree with Scratching Board and Massager ✓ Small and medium cats. ✓ Padded top bed with removable cover. ✓ 2 scratchers and grooming arch. ✓ Spring ball toy and hanging pompom. ✕ Won't fit larger cats. PawHut Cat Tower with Condo This PawHut 3-tier cat tower is quite a bit higher than the others at 96cm and features a large bottom condo with a removable cover, so you can change the style or open it out if preferred. The sisal scratch post is somewhat of a beast at 16cm in diameter and can withstand a lot of damage from the sharpest of kitty claws. The middle "perch" is hardly big enough for a kitten to sit on. My cats use it as a step to climb onto the top bed, which is more than generous in size. Even Simba can stretch out without hanging over the edges, which ticks a major box as he loves his comfort. Bed size: 42cm x 36cm; Condo: 45cm x 40cm I bought this cat tower for the height and single seater to give Simba a safe space away from Drax, and it's perfect for gazing out of taller windows. Now they're friends again, they take it in turns to stalk the pigeons on the roof. The particle board frame adds to the sturdiness of its structure, making it difficult to topple over when jumping on and off. The maximum weight guideline is 4.5kg but this is ideal for larger cats in my opinion. Overall dimensions: 96cm (h) x 45cm (w) x 40cm (d) *This product has been discontinued but you can find a similar one here: PawHut Cat Tower with Scratch Post ✓ Medium and large cats. ✓ Large padded top bed. ✓ Spacious condo with removable cover. ✓ Thick sisal scratch post. ✕ Hard for kittens or seniors to climb. Yaheetech Cat Tower with Platform Described as having an adequate size and compact design, this Yaheetech Cat Tower comes with a single top perch, spacious bottom platform and cat condo - although I'd call it more of a kitten condo, which is why I never attached it. For growing kittens, this offers several cosy lounge spots. The construction is designed to be solid but lightweight, supported by 3 sisal scratching posts and a large rectangular base. The top perch is way too small for an adult cat to curl up on, perhaps with the exception of Drax who'll happily sleep with his arms and legs hanging over the edges. The middle platform - and the reason I bought it - is huge and bears up to 12kg, which is the equivalent to a couple of large cats or one monster cat. That being said, I often sit on it while petting the boys, which adds another 52kg of human weight and it hasn't collapsed yet! Perch: 29cm x 29cm; Platform: 70cm x 34.5cm The condo hangs down from the large platform and is easy to take off without affecting the structure when kittens grow too big for it. The base is covered in plush fabric so it still allows for a third resting area, or you can make your own den by draping a sheet over the platform like I did. This is a great space-saving tree for cats of various ages and sizes, but due to being a lightweight model, if you have excitable cats then it'll likely fall over. For some reason, Simba decided to claw half of the fabric off the top perch so I wouldn't rate it for longevity - but that's cats all over! Overall dimensions: 90cm (h) x 70cm (w) x 34.5cm (d) *This product has been discontinued but you can find a similar one here: PawHut Cat Tree with Condo ✓ Most sized cats and kittens. ✓ Extra large platform. ✓ Detachable condo. ✓ Slim and compact ✕ Small top perch and condo. ✕ Not very stable. Information accurate from May 2026 and may be subject to change. Do you have any of these little cat trees at home or something similar? Share your buys and inspo for other pet parents.

*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases at no cost to you. All photos are my own. I am not being paid to promote any of the products mentioned in this article. At a Glance Go to review ⇨ YuMOVE Calming Care for Adult Cats ✓ Natural ingredients. ✓ 30 capsules. ✓ Mix into food. Go to review ⇨ Zylkene Calming Supplements for Cats & Dogs ✓ Natural milk protein. ✓ 20 capsules. ✓ Mix into food. Calming supplements are often used as a natural, drug-free alternative to medication to help relieve symptoms of stress and anxiety, similar to what you'd find in a health and wellness shop. In cats, this usually manifests as behavioural problems like overgrooming, excessive vocalisation, scratching, urine spraying and aggression. It's important to address any underlying issues in conjunction with medications and/or supplements by getting cats checked over by a vet. In some cases, environmental changes or behaviour modification therapy might be necessary. You shouldn't rely on calming products alone and always discuss your options with a qualified vet. Supplements may be beneficial for cats with mild to moderate anxiety and are available without a prescription. They shouldn't have any undesirable side-effects like drowsiness, but effectiveness varies from cat to cat. Prescription medications like antidepressants and benzodiazepines are used to treat more severe cases of anxiety or aggression, particularly if caused by an underlying medical condition. Where illness isn't a factor, these should only be used on a short-term basis and as a last resort where other treatments/therapies have failed. YuMOVE Calming Care for Adult Cats *Now YuMOVE Calming Support (same formula, new name). YuMOVE Calming Care is a supplement that contains a unique combination of natural ingredients. It helps to maintain calming pathways in the brain to support relaxation and promote calmer behaviour in anxious cats. It can be used for stress-inducing events including: Fireworks, thunder and other unexpected noises. Changes to the environment (renovations, moving house, parties, etc). New people, babies or pets. Holidays and travelling. Vet visits. Separation anxiety. YuMOVE is labelled as the UK's No.1 Veterinary Joint Supplement Brand (Kynetec VetTrak, August 2024). 74% of vets trust YuMOVE so much that they give it to their own cats. Ingredients The scientifically-backed ingredients include: Lemon balm: a popular herb that helps to promote relaxation, soothe stress and encourage calmer behaviour. L-tryptophan: an amino acid found in many proteins which is involved in the production of serotonin, helping to reduce stress. Natural GABA and L-arginine: a combination that helps to maintain calming pathways in the brain and support relaxation. Fish protein hydrolysate: supports a cat's brain, helping calming signals to find the right spot. B vitamins: play an important role in supporting a cat's overall health, including the heart, skin, metabolism, energy and brain function. All ingredients: Each capsule provides: 62.5mg L-Tryptophan, 60mg GABA Fermentate Blend, 50mg L-Arginine, 30mg Fish Protein Hydrolysate, 15mg Lemon Balm, 3.36mg Vitamin B1, 3.2mg Vitamin B6, 3.15mg Niacinamide, 42mcg Folic Acid, 5.3mcg Vitamin B12. COMPOSITION: Product from Lactobacillus species rich in protein (15%), Fish Protein Hydrolysate (9.4%), Lemon Balm Powder (4.7%), Maltodextrin, Phosphate Salts, Yeasts, Salt, Lupin Protein Meal, Magnesium Stearate, Sunflower Oil, Hydrolysed Soy. ADDITIVES (PER KG): L-Tryptophan 1195755mg, L-Arginine 156604mg, Vitamin B1 (Thiamine Hydrochloride) 10523mg, Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine Hydrochloride) 10085mg, Niacinamide 9866mg, Folic Acid 132mg, Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin) 16mg. Directions One packet contains 30 capsules. Simply twist and pull the capsule open, then sprinkle and mix with your cat's food. Cats up to 5kg: 1 capsule per day. Cats over 5kg: 2 capsules per day. *Not recommended for cats under 10 months. If your cat suffers from any allergies, you should reach out to the customer care team for advice. Review YuMOVE capsules are easy to use, with a fine powder that mixes easily into wet food. However, it has a rather fishy aroma that's hard to disguise. If you have fussy felines like mine then adding it to food might be a turn off, especially if you sprinkle it over kibble which isn't very appetising for cats. To get around this, I mixed the powder with a drop of water and administered it orally in a syringe. I'd only advise this if your cat is tolerant. As many of you will know, I'm no stranger to calming products following a long-standing case of redirected aggression between my cats, leaving one traumatised by the other. It didn't put a stop to the fighting but Simba (the victim) was less reactive to Drax's bullying. Visit It's not a perfect solution - nothing is! - but you can see a difference in comparison to when he's not on them, as he's more nervous and hissy around Drax. There was no noticeable change with Drax, but his aggression levels came down naturally over time once the underlying cause had been dealt with. Unfortunately, I can't comment on the effects of this product for other anxiety-related behaviours. It took a few weeks to see any results, but for long-term use, it's a more cost-effective option than Zylkene. Customer Feedback Many owners use YuMOVE Calming Care on an ongoing basis for nervous cats and settling rescues. It's said to reduce hiding, overgrooming and territorial aggression. However, it can take a few weeks to see the full effects and some cats refuse to eat it due to the flavour/smell. Some owners claim to have seen no change in their cat's behaviour. ✓ Natural ingredients. ✓ Can be mixed into food. ✓ 30 capsules (1 month supply). ✓ General anxiety, fear and aggression. ✕ Strong smell. ✕ Takes some time to kick in. Zylkene Calming Supplements for Cats & Dogs Zylkene (75mg) is a natural calming supplement for cats and small dogs to help them cope with short and prolonged challenging situations: Fireworks, thunder and other loud noises. Changes to the environment (renovations, moving house, parties, etc). New people, babies or pets. Holidays and travelling. Vet visits. Separation anxiety or being left alone. Zylkene is not recommended for aggression as it's designed to help pets cope with fear-based stressors and may not address the root cause of aggression. Labelled as the UK's No. 1 Veterinary Calming Supplement (Kynetec market data, MAT May 2023) the product is widely used and trusted by vets, behaviourists and pet owners. Zylkene is developed by Vetoquinol, a global veterinary pharmaceutical company. Ingredients Zylkene contains the active ingredient, alpha-casozepine, which is derived from a natural milk protein called casein. Alpha-casozepine has clinically proven calming effects, and studies show that it reduces anxiety in the following scenarios: Cats placed in an unfamiliar environment. Fear of strangers. General fear. Fear-related aggression. Zylkene is lactose free. All ingredients: POWDER (77.3%): Maltodextrin, Casein (Trypsin hydrolysed bovine casein), Magnesium stearate. CAPSULE (22.7%): Bovine skin gelatine. Directions One packet contains 20 capsules. You can either open the capsule and sprinkle over food or give it cats whole. Cats up to 5kg: 1 capsule per day. Cats 5kg-10kg: 2 capsules per day. *More options available for dogs over 10kg and up to 60kg. Give Zylkene 1-2 days before the stressful event or when a change in their environment is expected to happen. For long-term use, the company recommends giving one capsule a day for a month and then reassessing behaviour and speaking to a vet, if necessary. Review I'd been using YuMOVE for around a year before I heard about the benefits of alpha-casozepine during a course on feline anxiety. I had come across Zylkene when searching for calming aids, but the price put me off without really looking into it. There's also some confusion around the product itself, as research shows that it reduces fear-based aggression. However, reading through the website's FAQ section, it states the following: "Aggression can be a sign of stress in animals, however Zylkene is not recommended in aggressive animals, and we would therefore not advise its use. Our best advice would be to speak to your veterinary practice and a qualified clinical animal behaviourist regarding your pet." Understandably, it might be the company covering themselves in the event that aggression stems from dominance. Offensive aggression can present quite differently to defensive aggression, and cats can quickly go from confident to cocky! Related post: Cat Body Language: Signs of Aggressive Behaviour in Felines Nevertheless, I thought it'd be beneficial to see if Zylkene helped with Simba's fear of his brother. Even with Drax having reverted to his placid self, Simba remains cautious and it leads to occasional misunderstandings. This could be something as simple as clashing in a doorway, which Simba believes is a surprise attack and reacts by hissing. Whether it escalates depends on how pissed off Drax gets, but I'd rather it didn't happen at all! I also use pheromone diffusers to keep the boys as relaxed as possible - a calmer environment usually means a calmer kitty! I have to say that during the first week on Zylkene, there was a noticeable improvement to Simba's confidence - and he loves the taste. I continued to use a syringe and water because it's what he's used to, and he'd happily lap up every single drop; however, it was harder to mix than YuMOVE due to the thicker consistency. Although I was pleased with this improvement, the "misunderstandings" continued to happen, though no more or less than usual. Simba is such a nervy cat that it can be difficult to pinpoint the trigger. I bought a month's supply to give them plenty of time to kick in, but since there hasn't been a dramatic change in his anxiety levels - particularly around Drax - then I can't justify the expense for such minimal results. Zylkene works out at double the price of YuMOVE (per capsule) which isn't ideal for long-term use, especially when your kitty is over 5kg and requires 2 per day! Customer Feedback A lot of feedback concurs with scientific research, with cats showing reduced fear towards people and, more rarely, other animals. Most owners use Zylkene to help during stressful situations like travelling, holidays, moving house and fireworks. Some find that it makes their cats less nervous and more playful. Naturally, Zylkene doesn't work on all cats but the biggest sticking point seems to be the price. ✓ Alpha-casozepine ✓ Can be mixed into food. ✓ Results seen within a few days, ✓ General anxiety and fear. ✕ Not suitable for aggression. ✕ Expensive. Summary It's clear that YuMOVE and Zylkene work in different ways but, for the most part, show similar results. Based on all of the points discussed, and factoring in the cost, I'd recommend YuMOVE for either short or long-term use for most stress-related behaviours and changes. Zylkene may be more suitable for short-term stress and fear-related behaviours. If you find it difficult to give cats supplements or they won't eat it mixed into their food, calming treats may be a more suitable option. Chronic anxiety is rare in cats, and many issues can be resolved with behavioural training therapy or making simple changes to a cat's environment to reduce the stressor. Providing enough resources for the number of cats you have is essential, and this post contains some useful tips: Where to Put a Cat's Food and Water Bowls, Litter Tray, Bedding and Other Essential Resources If you're interested in my journey or find that you're in a similar situation, you can read more about it here. You can also check out reviews of the best pheromone diffusers for cats and top recommended calming sprays. Information accurate from February 2026 and may be subject to change. Have you tried YuMOVE Calming Care or Zylkene? Share your experiences in the comments to help out other cat parents.

*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases at no cost to you. All photos are my own. I am not being paid to promote any of the products mentioned in this article. Cat Scratchers: ; Cardboard Scratcher Basket Wooden Scratch Board Cardboard Scratching Boards Sisal Scratcher Bed PAWZ Road Scratching Board More: Sisal Cat Hammock Cat Sofa with Sisal Pad PawHut Cardboard Lounger Conlun Cat Scratching Box PETEPELA Cat Scratcher House Top Picks At a Glance Go to review ⇨ Best Scratcher Bed Cardboard Scratcher Basket ✓ Large and spacious. ✓ Durable corrugated cardboard. ✓ Multiple sizes available. Go to review ⇨ Best Vertical Scratcher Wooden Scratch Board ✓ 3 scratching positions. ✓ Sturdy wooden frame. ✓ Multiple sizes available. Go to review ⇨ Best Budget Scratcher Cardboard Scratching Boards ✓ Inexpensive. ✓ Double sided and reversible. ✓ Small but durable. Go to review ⇨ Best Sisal Scratcher Sisal Scratcher Bed ✓ Durable sisal material. ✓ Comfortable bed. ✓ Ball for playing. Go to review ⇨ Best Multi-Cat Scratcher PAWZ Road Scratching Board ✓ 3 scratching positions. ✓ Vertical or horizontal. ✓ Ball and hole for playing. In my previous post, Why Do Cats Scratch and How to Stop It?, we looked at some of the reasons why kitty might be pulling up your carpets and tearing stuffing out of your sofa. Scratching is a natural behaviour but can become destructive if cats aren't given the resources to sharpen and maintain their claws. Scratching also provides exercise, enrichment and the opportunity to scent mark. A variety of fun and engaging scratchers is essential to keep cats happy and protect your home furnishings, so let's dive into some tried and tested options to suit every cat. Cardboard and Sisal Scratchers Best Scratcher Bed Cardboard Scratcher Basket These scratcher baskets are typically available in small, medium and large sizes with a choice of oval or round styles. They're made from high-density corrugated cardboard with a textured surface and raised edges for cats to nap and rest in. Since cats like to scratch after waking up, it's an ideal solution. These are both of my boys' favourite type of scratcher, although Simba can't resist the carpet on occasion! The thickened card is sturdy enough to hold a human's weight, but some owners find that they don't withstand scratching for longer than a couple of weeks. By contrast, mine have lasted over a year but it depends on your kitty's enthusiasm levels. The baskets are fairly inexpensive depending on where you shop and what size you require. Be sure to check measurements before purchasing as a lot of customers find that they're smaller than they appear in photos - if anything, I'd suggest sizing up. They also have a tendency to flip over due to the edges being wider than the base, which might be funny for you but not so much for kitty! Due to the material and texture, they're not the easiest to clean. Overall, most cats seem to love these baskets. Worst-case scenario, if you have multiple kitties then you might find yourself investing in a few more to prevent squabbling! Sizes (may vary): The baskets pictured are extra large: Oval 58cm (l) x 42cm (w) Round 55cm x 55cm Small: Oval 43cm (l) x 26cm (w) Round 35cm x 35cm Medium: Oval 47cm (l) x 32cm (w) Round 45cm x 45cm Large: Oval 53cm (l) x 36cm (w) Round 50cm x 50cm Best Vertical Scratcher Wooden Scratch Board This 3-in-1 scratch board and lounger is constructed from solid wood and recycled corrugated cardboard. The wooden frame protects the edges of the scratcher for extra resilience, while adding a bit of height which my cats love. Some assembly is required, but you can choose from three different scratching angles by altering the leg positions: flat, 40° and 70° (almost vertical). When used flat it can double up as a bed or resting spot, with a curved design that's suited to a cat's delicate spine. The overall product is sturdy, well constructed and long lasting, with positive feedback from customers. The only issue I've found is that it's easy to flip over if kitty puts its weight on either end (kind of like a seesaw) which has led to a few scares! Sizes (may vary): The scratch board pictured is medium: 49cm (l) x 29cm (w). Small: 43cm (l) x 25cm (w) Large: 55cm (l) x 30cm (w) Visit Best Budget Scratcher Cardboard Scratching Boards Cardboard scratching boards are a must-have for every kitty household because they take up little space, can be placed anywhere in the home, are durable and easily replaceable. Depending on where you buy them, they can be fairly cheap and stocking up with a multipack will save even more money. Cardboard scratchers might not be the tidiest option, especially on carpets as they're prone to shedding. However, they're usually reversible so should last twice as long. My cats love the corrugated texture, and they're soft enough to nap and rest on as well. These scratchers come in a variety of styles and sizes, but some owners find that even large ones are too small for adult cats to fit on. They are a bit of a squeeze for my boys, but they don't seem to mind and the boards are still perfectly usable. Overly zealous cats might tear up cardboard faster than a traditional sisal post. Sizes vary. The scratch boards pictured are 43cm (l) x 21cm (w). Best Sisal Scratcher Sisal Scratcher Bed This multi-functional cat bed is crafted from natural sisal to provide a texture that cats are inclined to scratch, while being comfortable and durable. It has an anti-slip base and foamboard padding, which makes it lightweight and a tad spongey. The scratcher doubles up as a cosy bed with a dipped centre, which Simba appreciates - I almost want to take a nap on it myself. The cute design isn't an eyesore in the home and it's suitable for cats of all ages and sizes. It comes with an attached ball for extra engagement, prompting kitty to use its claws. Customers love the cute design and spacious size, but some cats don't like standing on it due to the foam being a little soft. Even if it's not used as a scratcher, it has the advantage of making a great bed and toy. Dimensions: 61cm (l) x 40cm (w) Best Multi-Cat Scratcher PAWZ Road Scratching Board This unique design by PAWZ Road is constructed from BC and BB corrugated card for enhanced firmness and durability. It offers three pose positions to adapt to cats' different scratching angles and can be placed horizontally or vertically, making good use of household spaces. Additionally, the multi-functional scratcher combines claw sharpening with sleeping and playing. Cats can use it as a lounge spot, bat the ball nestled in the recess or play hide-and-seek in the hole. Since the middle block can be removed from the slot, you're getting an extra scratcher for free. I initially placed a couple of these in the hall when my cats went through their aggressive phase, hoping it'd provide a distraction from glaring at each other. It helped somewhat with Drax, but Simba completely ignored them - and I don't think they've ever noticed the ball, but that's my boys all over! Customers appreciate the product's large size and sturdiness, and cats can make use of the 3-sided scratching board by turning it around when one side is worn. It also makes a great ramp for senior cats and kittens that need help climbing onto higher surfaces like sofas. As with all cardboard scratchers, try to keep it clean and dry. Dimensions: 71cm (l) x 19cm (w) 31cm (h) Sisal Cat Hammock This cat hammock is crafted from a solid wooden frame and natural sisal pad that's durable and fray resistant. It has a curved design for a comfortable sleeping position and comes in various lengths so cats can stretch their bodies. The scratcher is easy to assemble with a modern design that blends in nicely with home living spaces. Since it's built like a hammock, the material has some give which might put cats off as they prefer to have solid footing. It's easy to clean by removing the sisal mat for washing. Customers appreciate the scratcher as a practical solution for claw maintenance without the shedding you get with cardboard. However, some cats prefer it as a bed which could be due to the movement when scratching. It's not the sturdiest of structures, especially if you have heavier cats - mine haven't used it at all. Sizes (may vary): The hammock pictured is medium: 50cm (l) x 32cm (w) Small: 39cm (l) x 32cm (w) Large: 60cm (l) x 35cm (w) Shop pet supplies 30% off orders over £39 with code: UKNEW30 → Click to accept 100 coupon bundle → Click to accept Cat Sofa with Sisal Pad A cosy cat sofa that combines lounging and scratching with soft plush and a durable sisal pad. The sofa is a good size, with plenty of length for stretching and a raised back for comfort. It's built with anti-slip feet that give it a small elevation off ground level. I really love this sleek little sofa; it's durable and weighty and looks great in the living room. Unfortunately my cats have completely ignored it, which is a shame given that it's a slightly more expensive option. If your cat likes sisal then most reviews agree that this is a worthy purchase, but mine seem to prefer cardboard. Dimensions: 61cm (l) x 38cm (w) PawHut Cardboard Lounger This stylish scratcher is purrfect for the pampered puss while complementing your home decor. It's made completely from cardboard to satisfy your cat's urge to sharpen their claws, and the elevated position entices them to sit and lounge on their own piece of furniture - giving them less need to scratch yours! Admittedly, I bought this for the cool design but also because my cats love their cardboard baskets; although it's mainly hogged by Drax. The PawHut Lounger comes in several designs if you shop around, and the free catnip is a bonus. Customers love that the scratcher matches their decor, say it's good value for money and lasts longer than standard boards. They're spacious enough for most adult cats but larger breeds might be a squeeze. Dimensions: 60cm (l) x 29cm (w) x 26.5cm (h) Seat: 33.5 (l) x 26cm (w) Shop Pet Furniture → Conlun Cat Scratching Box Cats love a good box, and the Conlun Scratching Box has multiple uses. It provides a secure, enclosed space for resting, with two side holes for swatting toys and playmates. The scratcher can be placed inside as a base or used separately, and it's made from high-density recycled cardboard which is reversible for extended use. The great thing about these boxes is that they trap loose shavings to keep floors clean, reducing the need for constant sweeping. Many owners find this engaging enough to deter cats from scratching furniture but, as always, double check the measurements as adult cats may need a larger size. As well as sizing, boxes come in a few different colours and designs, with extra scratch boards or additional cat toys. Despite this being a versatile product, some customers complain about it being expensive for what it is, especially as you could make your own version at home. To save a few pennies, check out this how-to guide: DIY Cat Toys That Are Cheap and Easy to Make: Step-by-Step Guides Dimensions: 42.5cm (l) x 25cm (w) x 12cm (h). PETEPELA Cat Scratcher House The PETEPELA Scratcher House has three sides of high-density recycled corrugated cardboard with a front and back made from solid wood, including a doorway and peepholes. Cats can lounge on the top or nap inside, with multiple surfaces for scratching and territory marking. It also comes with a removable spring mouse toy for batting and swatting. The house can be tucked away in a corner and easily blends in with the home; however, it's quite compact inside. Drax is 5kg and barely squeezes into it, while Simba has never made the attempt! Customers find it easy to assemble, great for kittens but too small for large adult cats. Dimensions: 30cm (l) x 30cm (w) x 40cm (h) In summary, cardboard and sisal scratchers are great alternatives to standard posts, especially for cats that prefer to scratch horizontally. Cardboard typically has more shedding and may not last as long, but cats are attracted to the texture; while sisal can better withstand excessive scratching and provides a deterrent from your carpets. Those with incorporated toys offer extra enrichment, while baskets and loungers are multi-functional for smaller living spaces. There are lots of options and styles available, and these are just a few examples to get you started. Hopefully, I've given you some ideas for adding a bit of fun and variety to the home - and more importantly, kitty's environment. Happy shopping! Information accurate from June 2026 and may be subject to change. Do you have any of these scratchers at home or something similar? Share your buys and inspo for other pet parents.

*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases at no cost to you. All photos are my own. I am not being paid to promote any of the products mentioned in this article. At a Glance Go to review ⇨ PawPoll Wireless Cat Water Fountain ✓ Holds 3.2 litres. ✓ Quiet anti-splash design. ✓ 3 hydration modes. Go to review ⇨ FeelNeedy Wireless Cat Water Fountain ✓ Holds 4 litres. ✓ Filter replacement alert. ✓ 3 hydration modes. I first bought a pet fountain a couple of years ago due to Simba's obsession with drinking from taps and almost falling headfirst into the bathwater. It didn't matter how much I topped up or cleaned the water bowls that were placed strategically around the house, and Drax wasn't too interested in them either. They both seemed to have a preference for running water and, in fact, this is a survival instinct that goes all the way back to their wild ancestors. Related post: Where to Put a Cat's Food and Water Bowls, Litter Tray, Bedding and Other Essential Resources Running water is clean, fresh and doesn't harbour as much bacteria as stagnant, smelly water - remember, cats live by their powerful noses. Next time kitty screams at you to turn on the kitchen tap - or if they're anything like mine, trying to lick the drips which is unhygienic in itself - it's not being deliberately fussy. Of course, there's also an element of fun with running water as many cats enjoy patting and playing with it. Placing the fountain onto a waterproof mat will help to protect your floor, as well as limiting the risk of any broken necks! Main benefits of a pet fountain: Fresh water 24/7. Filtered to remove fur and debris. Encourages cats to drink. Prevents dehydration. Helps to prevent urinary tract issues (infections, inflammation, crystals, bladder stones, etc). Reduces neck strain and whisker fatigue. Cats that are on a dry food diet are at a higher risk of dehydration and associated health conditions. This is due to their low-thirst drive, since cats should get most of their moisture from food. Related post: How to Keep Cats Cool and Hydrated in Summer Shop smart fountains and automatic feeders → The first fountain I got was a wired plastic one with a motion sensor. Plugs and cables around cats and water isn't ideal, and plastic harbours more bacteria. The material develops micro scratches over time where germs can hide, which also contributes to feline acne. If you've ever drunk water from a plastic bottle that's been sitting around for a few days, you'll know too that it develops an unpleasant taste. To tackle both of these problems, I invested in some new and improved wireless fountains made from stainless steel, which we'll take an in-depth look at in this article. PawPoll Wireless Cat Water Fountain Features Main features of PawPoll Fountain: Anti-corrosive stainless steel. Wireless with rechargeable battery. Large capacity holds 3.2 litres. 3 hydration modes. Quadruple filtration system. Ultra quiet pump. Anti-splash design. Transparent panel to see water level. Materials and Construction The PawPoll Fountain is made from food-grade, BPA-free stainless steel with a plastic tray. Parts are easy to assemble, and the stainless steel material is dishwasher safe. The quadruple filtration system includes non-woven fabric, activated carbon, ion value and a sponge that slots into the pump to effectively remove hair and impurities. Instructions advise changing filters every 14 days using the official filters. They're not cheap, so I usually make them stretch for a bit longer by regularly washing off any gunk that gets stuck to the top - again, this depends on your cats and how many are using the fountain! The transparent front panel allows you to monitor the water level, but you can't really see it until the LED light comes on when the water is actively flowing. Capacity and Power The PawPoll Fountain is suitable for multi-cat households thanks to its 3.2l capacity, which is ideal if you're going away or putting your cat into boarding. Depending on how much your cats drink, I recommend changing the water on a weekly basis. With no need for a plug (unless charging) the fountain can be placed anywhere in the home, which is super convenient. The battery takes 5-6 hours to charge and is supposed to last 60 days, based on being in sensor mode for one household cat. For reference, I use the timer mode and the battery lasts for about a month, which is still good. Hydration Modes Sensor - reaches to a width of 140° and automatically flows for 6 seconds when a cat approaches within 1.5 metres. Timer - dispenses water for 15 seconds at intervals of 15 minutes. Continuous - constant water flow but needs to be connected to a power supply. The PawPoll Fountain uses a 1.5 W energy-saving water pump, designed to be ultra quiet at less than 25 dB. It still makes a humming sound, but coupled with the anti-splash dome, it reduces the sound of trickling water which some owners might appreciate. Review Despite Simba's tap obsession, I learned from my original plastic fountain that the sudden splurge of water when triggered by the motion sensor can be rather off-putting. If you have a wimpy cat like mine then it may cause them to run away, so I chose PawPoll especially for the "anti-splash" design. It does the job but still took a while for Simba to get used to, and a minor drawback of the dome is that it takes up space in the water dish. I use the timer mode so there's less chance of the flow starting when he's drinking, but this is more of an issue with my cat than the product! I also found that the sensor was getting triggered every time someone walked across the room, so you might want to place it in an area where there's less traffic. Drax isn't bothered by the sensor and enjoys drinking from the stream. The dish has a lip around the top that helps to prevent water from splashing over the edges; however, it's easy for cats to knock since it just sits on top of the filter tray. This is only an issue if your cat pulls it which, for reasons unknown, Drax does continuously. Another point to note is that despite being stainless steel, the tray that the filter sits in is plastic and slots between the drinking dish and bowl. This is easy to miss in the product details but you'll find that many fountains have the same design. Those that are 100% stainless steel usually come with a higher price tag. Having said that, water doesn't sit in the plastic area for long so it shouldn't make much difference. Compared to plastic fountains that can get a lot of slime and algae build-up, especially during the summer months, I haven't encountered this problem with stainless steel. As mentioned, the battery lasts for around a month on timer mode and the flashing red light lets you know when it needs charging. The wire is protected with cord material and slots into the USB port in the back of the battery unit. Cats can still use the fountain while it's charging. The product comes with a handy cleaning brush and instructions on how to clean the pump to keep it functioning properly. This is fairly easy and can be done in just a few minutes. What Customers Say PawPoll Fountain is praised for its long battery life and quiet operation. It's simple to set up, well constructed and easy to clean. Some users mention that the trickling sound from the water spout attracts cats so they remember to drink, and the large capacity lasts a long time even with 2 cats. While the sensor works well intitally, there are reports of it failing over time. In some cases, replacement fountains have been provided by the company if it hasn't exceeded the warranty. Visit FeelNeedy Wireless Cat Water Fountain *This review is for the stainless steel version. Features Main features of FeelNeedy Fountain: High-grade 304 stainless steel. Wireless with rechargeable battery. Large capacity holds 4 litres. 3 hydration modes. Multi-layer filtration system. Ultra quiet pump. Filter replacement alert. Transparent panel to see water level Materials and Construction The FeelNeedy Fountain is made from high-quality 304 stainless steel with a plastic tray for the filters. The multi-layer filtration system includes filter cotton, activated carbon, ion exchange resin, a large sponge as well as a smaller one that slots into the pump. This gives it an extra layer of purification, with large filters to ensure every sip is clean and fresh. Additionally, the replacement filter light comes on when filters are due to be changed. Again, I usually make them last a little longer - you can turn off the warning light by holding down the power button for a few seconds. Spare filters come in a pack of 6 or 10 and are usually cheaper than the PawPoll filters. The water level can be monitored through the transparent front panel that lights up when the fountain is actively flowing. Capacity and Power The FeelNeedy Fountain has a slightly higher 4-litre capacity with a 210ml drinking dish, providing enough water for multiple cats to drink from. When filled, it's supposed to last 2 weeks for a single cat. The fountain itself is a little higher than PawPoll so may benefit elderly cats by putting less strain on the neck. With its cordless design, the fountain can be placed anywhere in the home and only requires a power supply for charging. The battery provides up to 45 days of fresh water on a full charge, which I've found to be quite accurate on timer mode. Hydration Modes Sensor - water automatically flows for 6 seconds when a cat approaches within 1.5m. Timer - dispenses water for 15 seconds at intervals of 15 minutes. Continuous - constant water flow when connected to a power supply. The advanced pump operates at a sound level of 35 dB which, though technically higher than PawPoll, I think it's actually quieter. Review It's worth noting that the FeelNeedy Fountain is available in several designs. As well as the stainless steel version, you can choose from black or white plastic at a slightly lower cost (only the drinking dishes are stainless steel). The FeelNeedy Fountain is surprisingly quiet, even without the anti-splash feature. This is probably due to the water spout being lower down, so it functions like less of a tap and more of a gentle stream. This is much preferred by Simba, but it might be less engaging for playful cats that like to splash around. I keep the fountain on timer mode, again due to the sensitivity of the motion sensor. The deeper drinking dish holds a good amount of water, which is beneficial for multiple cats - especially as Simba always decides that he wants a drink at the same time as Drax because he's bratty like that. The dish also clips down so it can't be pulled off, much to Drax's annoyance! The only negatives are that there's no lip so water tends to splash over the sides; and no minimum/maximum water guides on the inside of the bowl. The battery light flashes red when it needs charging via the USB cable, and there's also a warning light on the pump when the water gets too low so you know when to refill it. The product includes a cleaning kit for the pump that consists of a brush and tweezers to remove the fiddly parts. What Customers Say The FeelNeedy Fountain has been approved by both cat and dog owners, who are impressed with its battery life, quiet operation and easy maintenance. It encourages cats to drink and the stainless steel helps to keep the water cool and fresh. Functionality receives some mixed reviews, with a few customers reporting that the pump stops working and the battery fails after a few months. Summary These are both good fountains that are sturdy enough not to be knocked over, as you might find with more lightweight plastic designs. FeelNeedy is a more expensive option, which shows in the large capacity; overall build and extra features (such as the filter replacement light). I've also found that it doesn't get as much limescale build-up as PawPoll; however, it is more prone to water spots. These can be removed with regular wiping so they don't get a chance to permanently mark the steel. I descale fountains every few months to keep them looking new. In the long-term, FeelNeedy may work out cheaper with the lower cost filters. However, PawPoll is still a worthy purchase! Refer to the chart below for a brief comparison guide. PawPoll Fountain FeelNeedy Fountain Stainless Steel ✓ ✓ Wireless ✓ ✓ Capacity 3.2 litres 4 litres Filter Replacement Light ✕ ✓ Hydration Modes 3 3 Filtration Layers 4 5 Low-Water Level Warning ✕ ✓ Have you made the upgrade to a stainless steel water fountain? Do you own either of these products or think you've found a better alternative? Share your recommendations in the comments.

*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases at no cost to you. All photos are my own. I am not being paid to promote any of the products mentioned in this article. In this article: What Are Pheromones? Why Use a Feliway Diffuser? Pros and Cons of a Feliway Diffuser How to Use a Feliway Diffuser More Feliway Classic, Optimum and Friends Comparison Does Feliway Work? Skip straight to Feliway Optimum and Feliway Friends reviews ⇨ Stress & minor changes Feliway Classic 30 Day Starter Kit Behavioural issues & major changes Feliway Optimum 30 Day Starter Kit Multi-cat tension Feliway Friends 30 Day Starter Kit If you've found your way here then you'll be familiar with the cat calming products offered by Feliway and may be wondering: which one is best? Well, that depends on what kind of behaviour you're trying to eliminate. Known as the number one clinically-proven cat behavioural product, Feliway is backed by over 25 years of science and research into pet welfare. There are three types of plug-ins available: Classic, Optimum and Friends. The following reviews cover Optimum and Friends, which I've tried and tested on my own squabbling boys - but don't worry, I've put together a comparison of all three here. What Are Pheromones? We've already covered quite a bit on the importance of feline pheromones, but if you want to learn more then check out this article before reading on: What Are Cat Pheromones and How Do They Work? In short, pheromones are chemicals that cats release from various glands around their bodies through scent marking. They can be detected by other cats and used as signals or messages, making them a valuable source of communication. Diffusers contain artificial pheromones that are slowly released when plugged in to make cats feel safe, secure and comfortable within their environment. Visit Why Use a Feliway Diffuser? Pheromone products are designed to help cats feel more relaxed and reduce anxiety-related behaviours such as: Scratching or clawing furniture. Overgrooming. Hiding. Fear and nervousness. Urinating outside the litterbox and spraying (territory marking). Excessive vocalisation. Fighting with other household cats. They also claim to diminish stress associated with new situations such as moving house; introducing new cats, pets or babies; fireworks and vet visits. For a shorter-term alternative, sprays are also available that can be used on carriers prior to travelling or around problem areas of the home. Feliway Classic Spray is available in 20ml or 60ml bottles. According to Feliway studies, 41.7% of owners felt that their relationship with their cats improved after using the spray. Related post: 6 Best Cat Calming Sprays Pros and Cons of a Feliway Diffuser Pros: Clinically proven and vet recommended. Easy to use. Effective within 1 week. Undetectable to humans. Reduces stress in cats of all ages. Drug free. Covers 70m² . 48ml bottle lasts up to 30 days. Cons: May need more than one diffuser to cover multiple floors or areas of the home. Expensive for long-term use. Plug-in should be replaced every 6 months. How to Use a Feliway Diffuser Diffusers should be plugged into an electrical socket nearest to where cats spend most of their time, avoiding draught areas such as windows and doors. Ensure it's not covered by furniture or curtains as this can cause blockages and prevent the pheromones from dispersing properly. Leave the diffuser on 24/7 for continuous use or up to 2 weeks prior to a stressful event (moving house, fireworks, etc). Vials need to be replaced once empty, for which you can buy refill packs online. It's advised to replace the plug after 5 refills or 6 months of use. Feliway recommends that diffusers are used for 3-4 weeks for best results, although many owners see effects within the first 7 days. Feliway Classic, Optimum and Friends Comparison CLASSIC OPTIMUM FRIENDS Pheromones 2% FFP 2% FPC 2% CAP Behaviours Hiding; urine spraying; scratching. Fear; hiding; urine spraying; scratching; fighting; overgrooming (if stress related); reduced appetite (if stress related). Tension; conflict; fighting; blocking; staring. Situations Urinating outside the litter tray; changes in the home. Introducing a new pet or baby; moving home; changes in routine. Aggression between cats; introducing a new cat; aiding bonding. Feliway Classic - Mimics the feline facial pheromone (FFP) which cats produce when rubbing their face and cheeks against objects in their environment, creating a sense of familiarity and safety. This is the original Feliway that has helped to make cats feel comfortable at home and reduce signs of stress for over 25 years. It can be useful for minor changes such as vet visits or travelling. Feliway Optimum - Contains a new feline pheromone complex, a blend of pheromones designed to address a wider range of behavioural issues. It provides overall serenity, especially when preparing for major changes in the home. Feliway Friends - A synthetic version of the feline appeasing pheromone (CAP) that a mother cat naturally releases after giving birth. These are used to make kittens feel safe and protected; as well as aiding bonding, identification and harmonious interactions between littermates. This is recommended for multi-cat households to minimise tension and conflict. Visit Does Feliway Work? With all three diffusers boasting a 4-star or above rating on Amazon, it's safe to say that Feliway products are effective in many cases. Some customers complain about value for money, especially when there are some good cheaper alternatives; and diffusers not working for their cats. According to the Feliway website: Classic users reported a reduction in urine marking in 9 out of 10 cats after 4 weeks. 93% of Optimum users noticed their cats showed enhanced serenity with the following reductions: *Scratching -73% *Urine spraying -77% *Conflict -72% *Fear, hiding and stress associated with changes or new situations -73% Friends was the first product that was scientifically proven to reduce conflict and tension between cats living in the same household. Customer Feedback Classic Owners report positive results for hiding, urine spraying, scratching and overgrooming. In a few cases, it's said to help make cats more sociable with people. Optimum Highly rated for easing tension between household cats where other signs of anxiety are present. It's also used for reducing territorial behaviour when introducing cats for the first time and settling rescue cats. It's most effective on scratching and excessive meowing or crying. Friends Positive results are seen with nervous cats and those that generally annoy each other. It reduces conflict triggered by changes, including moving house or additional pets. Many owners use Feliway (unsuccessfully) when introducing new kittens to existing cats, but this could be due to not going through the proper introduction process. Bringing a kitten into the household is a change in itself and can be extremely upsetting for other residents depending on factors such as age, personality and temperament. I've seen an abundance of negative reviews from people using Feliway and other brands to calm their excitable kittens. Pheromones are no substitute for play and other forms of enrichment or stimulation. It's crucial to give young cats and kittens an outlet for their excess of energy to prevent annoying other cats or engaging in destructive behaviour. If you suspect your kitten has abnormal hyperactivity levels then consult a vet for advice. Feliway Reviews While Feliway Classic has a whopping 38,000+ reviews on Amazon, Optimum is the most highly recommended as it contains a new and improved pheromone complex that has been proven to calm cats better than ever. I therefore didn't feel it necessary to purchase both, but instead focused on Optimum and Friends for targeting aggression and conflict between my boys. It's important to note that diffusers are aimed at reducing behaviours caused by or resulting from stress, which usually goes hand in hand with aggression, but it won't eliminate the cause. Diffusers are by no means a miracle cure to stop cats from fighting, but providing a safe and comfortable environment may help towards making cats feel more relaxed in general. Diffusers are no substitute for medical treatment and you should always consult a vet to check for underlying health conditions that may be contributing to problem behaviour Feliway Optimum Plug-in Diffuser and Refill *Reviews are based on aggressive behaviours rather than purely stress related. Product/Packaging In the first instance, these Feliway starter kits contain 1 diffuser and 1 refill. Feliway is currently the most expensive brand on the market, but once the vial runs out you can purchase more refills at a slightly lower cost. Quality As far as the diffusers themselves go, there was no detectable odour, overheating or burning. The only thing I'll say is that the top of the plugs get a bit sticky from the vapour residue and this tends to attract dust. When I turned the diffusers off for an extended length of time and switched them back on again, some of the dust would singe and there was a slight burning smell. This went away after I wiped the dust off, so it's not a fault with the diffuser but more with my cleaning skills. My advice would be to unplug the diffuser when not in use and store inside the box it's packaged in. I didn't experience any side effects such as headaches, which some people complain of. I assume this is a result of sensitivity to the paraffin-based solution that holds the pheromones. The diffusers didn't last for the full 30 days, but in my experience none of them do! Usage As the most popular and recommended Feliway diffuser, Optimum was the first one I tried, with its new and improved pheromone complex. One diffuser covers up to 70m² so I put it on the ground floor where the cats spend most of their time, as per instructions. The first time using this, my cats stopped fighting after a few days, but whether this was a coincidence is anyone’s guess. When I say fighting, they weren't so much physical fights but more brewing tension: growling, hissing, stalking, blocking and staring. This came on suddenly and the cause of aggression was unclear, but I turned the diffuser off after around two weeks. When problems resurfaced a few months later, I plugged the diffuser back in and didn't notice a difference in either cat's behaviour. The signs of aggression were the same as previously but quickly escalated, with chasing and full-contact fights. Feliway Friends Plug-in Diffuser and Refill After giving it 3-4 weeks, I decided to try Feliway Friends (CAP pheromone) as recommended for reducing conflict in multi-cat households, which was more fitting to my cats’ needs. Again, there were no obvious effects so I turned it off just to make sure I wasn’t missing something - even the slightest change was better than nothing. For reference, I have two cats: Drax was always the main aggressor and Simba was the victim. Interestingly, in the days following, Drax’s behaviour started to improve. The fighting still occurred but there was less stalking and chasing with an overall healthier interest in his brother. On the flip side, Simba was noticeably more skittish without the diffusers - which should come as no surprise if you’ve followed My Story. Annoyingly, my cats are so opposite in personality that finding remedies to suit both has been challenging to say the least! Related post: Feline Aggression: How to Stop Cats Fighting and Attacking Other Cats Comfort Zone Pheromone Diffuser for single or multi-cat homes. Creates a calm, relaxing environment to help reduce stress and other problem behaviours, as well as tension and fighting between household cats. To make doubly sure I wasn’t imagining things, I tried the Comfort Zone brand which contains another analogue of feline pheromones, albeit a little cheaper than Feliway. The results were similar, which I can only take as evidence of what we already know. Pheromone therapy had a positive effect on Simba as the “victim” by lowering anxiety levels, but no effect on Drax as the aggressor. What I can’t figure out is how or why the diffusers would have made him more aggressive. After some research - that is, trawling through other buyer reviews - I found similar stories of diffusers having a negative effect on cats where aggression is already present. Some owners even claimed that their cats had peed on the diffusers themselves! I have no evidence that links diffusers to increased aggression and as Drax began to improve naturally, they seemed to stop having an effect altogether. Cats are complex creatures, as we know. It wouldn’t be fair to pin any blame on Feliway or its competitors and I don’t have a negative opinion of pheromone products in general; all I can say is that they worked for one cat and not the other. There are plenty of owners claiming that diffusers stopped their cats from fighting but, without knowing the cause of aggression or the cats themselves, it's hard to form a conclusion. Nor can I comment on their effectiveness for more stress-related behaviours such as scratching or overgrooming. At the risk of making Drax worse, I initially ditched the pheromones and focused more on creating a calmer environment with a Pet Remedy diffuser. These contain blends of valerian, vetiver, basil and clary sage essential oils to tackle stress and anxiety, which means they're not cat specific. Pet Remedy Calming Diffuser contains a low concentration of valerian and essential oils to work with a cat's natural calming mechanisms when tackling stress and anxiety. Ideal for most pets including cats, dogs, rabbits, rodents and birds. As far as Pet Remedy goes, the boys definitely seemed to be more relaxed and slept sounder than usual; but the aggression persisted until I got to the root of the issue. Find out more in: How to Stop Cats Spraying and Urine Marking Outside Your Home with 8 Tips Perhaps this explains why Feliway was effective the first time around and not the second. If it was purely tension from a minor squabble with no external stressor, the diffuser would have more of an effect than if there was an underlying cause for aggression. Many owners have reported successful results in different situations and scenarios, so it really comes down to your individual cat/s. Unfortunately, it's all guesswork at this point. The boys had fallen out and made up so many times in the past that they might have done so again without the diffuser. The only difference this time was that the levels of aggression were higher and more long-lasting, so I bought a diffuser to help during the separation and reintroduction process. Feliway Help 7 Day Starter Kit includes a plug-in diffuser ideal for temporary situations or a trial period. Provides 7 days of happy messages to your cat. Conclusion While Feliway Optimum seemed to help with Simba's nerves around Drax, Feliway Friends had little if any effect. I would have expected the opposite; but again, as the conflict was a result of external circumstances rather than problems between the cats themselves, this is perhaps why there was no improvement. Feliway makes no claims of reducing aggression that isn't stress related, so I don't believe the issue completely lies with the products. More notably, I switched back to Feliway Optimum once the other diffusers had run out and found that it still had a negative effect on Drax. With some caution, I bought another Comfort Zone and had no issues. This was good for everyone because it seemed to work just as well on Simba as Feliway Optimum, if not better - as well as being a fair bit cheaper. Progress between the boys has been slow and steady, but I wasn't expecting miracles. Pheromone diffusers are a treatment rather than a cure and work best alongside other changes, whether that involves their environment; medical intervention or advice from a behaviourist. I definitely notice a difference when the diffuser runs out, as Simba tends to get more defensive and hissy around Drax. What works for one cat might not work for another, which is perhaps why there are so many conflicting reviews. For now I'll stick with Comfort Zone because it's the best option for us, but Feliway Optimum is a worthy contender and comes highly rated by customers - see for yourself! Related post: Best Cat Calming Plug-in Pheromone Diffusers (Tried and Tested) Information accurate from August 2026 and may be subject to change. Have you tried any of the diffusers mentioned or think you've found a better alternative? Share your experiences and feedback in the comments to help out fellow cat parents.

*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases at no cost to you. Drax playing with his homemade teaser wand - a nice shot of his molars, too! 4 Types of DIY Cat Toys: The Stuffed Sock Cardboard Box Huts Homemade Teaser Wand Treat Dispenser These budget-friendly DIY cat toys are designed to be quick and easy to make at home for the busy cat mum or dad. These are hard times we're living in, and this how-to guide couldn't be simpler - which is cats all over. They may be complex creatures, but when it comes to play we have to appreciate their simplicity. What else do you see going crazy over a piece of string or a cardboard box? The most common types of cat toys range from mice to wands and more expensive or battery-operated toys. With indoor cats becoming more common in this ever-changing world, the amount people are spending on their pets increases with it, and the market has to cater for this. Simba cautiously inspecting the new feather wand. If your cats are anything like mine - that is, flushing 30 quid's worth of entertainment down the drain in favour of a scrunched up sweetie wrapper, then it's time to get creative with some DIY cat toy ideas. Most of the materials needed for these homemade cat toys can be found around the house without spending a penny; and as proud cat parents, I'd be surprised if you didn't have at least a couple of cat balls readily available for modification. Using recycled or repurposed materials makes them eco-friendly, too. "Stuffed sock" measures approximately 15cm x 5cm. The Stuffed Sock Materials Sock or tights. Cushion stuffing. Paper - I like brown packing paper because it's soft but any type will do. Cat balls - plastic, jingly, crinkly or whatever your cats prefer. If you want to spend a bit more, this 35 Pcs Cat Ball Set from Amazon has a great variety. Catnip (optional). Soft cat toys can be simple to make with no sewing required, and they're great for adding catnip or silvervine. You can use a sock to stuff or cut the feet off old tights like I did. Johnson's Catnip Spray contains oil from the dried leaves of catmint. It can be applied to bedding, toys, scratch posts or anywhere you want to encourage some kitty interaction. Drax prefers tights because the material is thinner, it's fun to scratch and he has a fetish for - well, anything that smells of feet - but nylon is especially fusty. Kind of gross but some humans have been known to pay good money for the pleasure! Drax loves his crinkle balls, but you can add heaver ones for a bit more weight. Steps Tear off a couple of strips of paper and scrunch into balls. Whatever size you make them will depend on the sock and how big you want the toy to be. My cats would be scared of anything too imposing, hence why the example pictured is on the smaller side. Have fun and play around with whatever works best, you can always take out and restuff if necessary. Start filling the sock with stuffing and add some of the scrunched paper, this gives it some texture and sound. Sprinkle as much or as little catnip as desired, then add more stuffing and your chosen ball in the centre. Repeat this process on the other side, alternating stuffing with paper, then tie off the sock and voila! If a knot is difficult then use scissors to make two 1-inch cuts down either side of the sock and tie the flaps together. That's all there is to a DIY soft cat toy, and remember the golden rule: there are no rules! If you want to add a second ball, more/less paper, make it softer or firmer then go ahead. Cats will love to grip, bat and toss around this catnip kicker. Looking for a quality, potent catnip? Check out these top recommended catnip blends and sprays. Add as many windows or "peepholes" as you like in your DIY cardboard cat hut. Cardboard Box Huts Cardboard boxes come in so many sizes that the possibilities are vast, and what cat parent doesn't have a constant supply of boxes cluttering up the hallway? Or maybe that's just me - thanks, Amazon and zooplus! I've mentioned it a lot in previous posts but in case you missed it, cats love to stalk things - including each other. So, sharpen the scissors and let's turn that boring box into an exciting cat fort. Materials Cardboard box, preferably big enough for kitty to hide or sit in - see the pictured examples. Pen or pencil. Box cutter or scissors. Simba was straight in his cardboard hut - remember too that wimpy cats love to hide. Design 1 (Large Hut) Cut the base off your box by removing the flaps, leaving four walls and a "roof". Mark a doorway and windows wherever you want, however big or small - you can also play with different shapes. I added a square window at the front, a circular one at the back and a lower one at the side to make it more fun with alternating heights. In the wild, prey would be scuttling around shrubbery and undergrowth so it's natural for cats to hunt at ground level. Once finished, turn the box upside down, decorate as desired and you're ready to go. Use anything from your homemade feather wand to bits of string to poke through the gaps and tantalise your kitty. If the box is strong enough then you can use a screwdriver to make some peepholes in the roof. Just bear in mind that if you have heavier cats then they risk going straight through it - amusing for humans, not so fun if there happens to be a playmate underneath! Two simple DIY cat toys in one! Design 2 I call this the "truck", a shallow box that kitty can sit in with multiple holes to stick its paws or toys through. Remember to size it up first, I often underestimate my cats but Drax is all fur and will squeeze into anything. These designs can cost anything up to £20 online and come with replaceable scratching boards to put in the bottom. I bought the Conlun Scratcher Box which is what gave me this idea, but you can save a lot of money by adapting a cardboard box and picking up a cheap scratcher from sites like AliExpress or Temu. Cat scratchers made from high-density corrugated cardboard which is durable and wear-resistant. Cats can satisfy their scratching instincts without causing damage to furniture. Scratchers come in various shapes and are comfy to lie on. Following the same steps as design 1, remove the top flaps instead of bottom ones so kitty can climb inside (I left the sides because my cats love to stalk around the outside of boxes, too). Simply cut out a few pokey holes and let playtime begin - simple! Easy DIY teaser wand with a combination of ribbons and wool. Homemade Teaser Wand Teaser wands are a kitty classic and can be made at home with a variety of materials, from feathers to string or any type of fabric you have available. You can even refurbish old tatty wands where cats have destroyed the teasers or keep the handles to reuse - more paws up for the environment. Materials Fabric, ribbon, string, wool or feathers. Any of these can be picked up at a pound shop or local craft store, but this Pack of 30 Pheasant Feathers are natural, colourful and non-toxic for cats. Wooden dowel (approx 30cm x 1cm) or recycled wand. Glue - a hot glue gun works best as glue is non-toxic, but be sure to check the manufacturer's guide. Elastic band. Twine. Kitty bell (optional). I kept the teaser sparse because - yep, you guessed it - too much makes it look like a scary monster. String/Wool/Ribbon Teaser Cut your chosen material into 15cm-30cm lengths and loop over about 2cm of an elastic band. You can add as much or as little as you want, depending on how thick you want the teaser to be. Tie the remainder of the band around the end of the wand/dowel to secure - no glue required. I finished it off with an extra piece of ribbon to cover the band, just because it's aesthetically pleasing. This may be the most time-consuming option but it's simple, effective and didn't cost me a penny - ka-ching! *Only use toys with small pieces under supervision, and check teasers regularly for loose parts that could become a choking hazard if swallowed. Use different types of feathers for texture. Feather Wand Gather 10-15 feathers of varying colours and/or sizes into a bunch and hot glue the tips together. Use a small blob of glue to attach feathers to the end of the wand and finish by wrapping them together with twine to ensure they're secure, adding a bit of glue along the way to keep it from unravelling. You could use duct tape if preferred, but my kitties are more likely to chew that than the feathers. For an extra jingle, thread on a small bell before tying off the twine (optional). Fabric DIY cat teaser, aka the duster. Fabric Teaser This is so easy to make because you can use any kind of material you have lying around: dishcloths, flannels, old T-shirts or even another sock. 20cm x 15cm section with 1cm strips. As a general guide, cut out a 20cm x 15cm section of fabric and make 1cm-wide strips, leaving about an inch at the top all the way along. Dab your glue of choice along the top (if you don't own a glue gun then a strong fabric glue should work) then wrap it around the end of the dowel. Leave to dry and let playtime commence - you can even whack off a few cobwebs in the process! Homemade treat or kibble dispenser. Treat Dispenser Materials Toilet/kitchen roll or plastic water bottle. Paper. Elastic bands. Scissors. Treats or kibble. Adjust difficulty levels by making more or less holes. Steps Using a pair of scissors or a craft knife, poke some randomly spaced holes in your cardboard tube or bottle. Holes should be big enough for the treats to fall through, but not so wide that they pour out as this defeats the purpose! The more holes, the easier the puzzle will be. If using a plastic bottle, ensure there are no sharp edges by cutting off any points. Cut 2 squares of paper large enough to wrap over the ends of the cardboard tube and secure one side with an elastic band (I used hair bobbles). You can skip this step if using a bottle. Fill the tube with treats or kibble, then cover the other end with paper and secure. For bottles, simply screw on the lid. Place on the floor and watch kitty bat it around to knock out the tasty snacks! While puzzles are great for enrichment and mental stimulation, some cats might not react to them in the first instance. It's perfectly safe to sprinkle a small amount of catnip inside the dispenser. If you don't have catnip, try scattering some treats around the toy to encourage interaction or leave it near their regular food station. Related post: How to Play with Cats of All Ages: Motivation Tips and Tricks There you have it: 4 types of DIY cat toys that are cheap and easy to make - in less than 10 minutes each. It can also double up as crafting time with the kids in a fun and rewarding family experience. We think that's rather pawsome! Mentioned Products Allazone 35 Pcs Cat Ball Set 30 Pcs Pheasant Feathers Conlun Cat Scratcher Box with Scratching Board Have you tried these cheap and easy DIY cat toys? Would you like to see any other ideas? Let us know in the comments.

*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases at no cost to you. Recommendations are based on extensive research into products, brands and customer feedback. Top Picks at a Glance View full details ⇨ Best Ultrasonic Repellent ZeroCat Repellent Advanced Ultrasonic Cat Deterrent ✓ Emits ultrasonic frequencies that are uncomfortable for cats but inaudible to humans. ✓ Won't harm animals and wildlife. ✓ Suitable for long-term use. View full details ⇨ Best Budget Ultrasonic Repellent ZUCKLIGHT 2PCS Ultrasonic Cat Repellent ✓ Emits ultrasonic frequencies that target a range of animals and wildlife. ✓ Cover a larger area with 2 devices. ✓ Solar powered and cost-effective. View full details ⇨ Best Urine Repellent Spray C&G Urine Stop Spray Cat and Dog Repellent ✓ Contains feline aversive scents and masks the smell of urine. ✓ Pet safe and eco-friendly. ✓ Large easy-to-use spray bottle. View full details ⇨ Best Scatter Granules The Big Cheese Cat Stop Scatter Granules ✓ Contains feline aversive scents and masks the smell of urine. ✓ Pet safe and biodegradable. ✓ Slow-release, long-lasting formula. View full details ⇨ Best Gel Crystals Get Off Cat and Dog Repellent Gel Crystals ✓ Contains feline aversive scents and soaks up urine. ✓ Pet safe and eco-friendly. ✓ Creates a protective barrier around problem areas. View full details ⇨ Best Jet Spray PestBye Jet Spray Cat Repellent ✓ Trains cats to avoid areas without causing any harm. ✓ Protects lawns. ✓ Suitable for long-term use. View full details ⇨ Best Scarers DIVCHI 3 Pack of Cat Scarers ✓ Non-invasive and easy to set up. ✓ Durable and weatherproof. ✓ Suitable for long-term use. View full details ⇨ Best Anti-Cat Mat Kyrieval Spiked Mat Deterrent ✓ Safe to use without causing injury to cats. ✓ Easy to install and durable. ✓ Multifunctional for different areas. Are you having problems with four-legged invaders? This article covers the best cat deterrents for gardens and yards, with eight effective methods for keeping strays off your property. Hurrah to poop-free lawns, patios, flowerbeds and plants - not forgetting about those sneaky fence hoppers. With these budget-friendly recommendations, getting rid of outdoor cats in a safe and humane manner doesn't have to cost the earth. First things first, how do products actually work? Cat deterrents, while pretty self-explanatory, are used to repel cats and can be used in a variety of situations, both inside and outside of the home. These include: Stopping cats from fouling, digging or generally making a mess of your carefully tended rose beds. Avoiding potential danger such as toxic plants (I'll say here that it's probably easier and safer to remove any poisonous greenery from the house or garden, wherever possible). Clawing furniture or urine marking. Having experienced my own problems with cats urine spraying in the yard and upsetting my resident fur children, I know how frustrating it can be - not to mention the time-consuming (and at times expensive) task of scouring the internet for a cat repellent that works. As territorial creatures, cats will stop at almost nothing to spread their scent around - whether it's peeing in your plant beds, digging up your seedlings or using your patio as a sunbed. As much as I respect and admire all cats, the risk of losing your territory to a horde of furry invaders is very real! Related post: How to Stop Cats Spraying and Urine Marking Outside Your Home with 8 Tips How to keep cats out of your garden depends on the layout of the garden itself. Is it more lawn than patio? Do you have an enclosed yard? Is it bordered by fence panels or hedges? Are there extensive flowerbeds and plants? Do you have lots of bird feeders? Some outdoor spaces may be easier to protect than others, but the trick is to make your garden as uninviting (to a cat) as possible. Unfortunately, that could mean saying goodbye to wildlife, too. Strays aside, you might have your own resident kitty that you want to keep away from certain areas of the garden without getting the hosepipe out every ten seconds. Kidding - no one should be spraying their cats. If you're facing the same problems as me and don't know where to start, I can take some of the guesswork out for you by listing my 8 best outdoor cat deterrents of 2026. Best Cat Deterrents for Gardens and Yards Best Ultrasonic Repellent ⭐⭐⭐⭐ ZeroCat Repellent Advanced Ultrasonic Cat Deterrent *Sponsored product Unlike spray-based repellents, ZeroCat Repellent doesn't rely on smells or chemicals to discourage cats. Instead, it works on a biological level by exploiting cats' highly sensitive hearing. The device emits targeted ultrasonic frequencies (16-60 kHz) that are uncomfortable for cats but inaudible to humans, making it discreet and non-invasive. Cats use scent and territory memory to decide where to return. When they repeatedly experience an aversive ultrasonic stimulus in a specific area, they quickly learn to avoid it. As there are no chemicals involved, ZeroCat is eco-friendly, pet-safe and suitable for use in gardens, lawns, patios and vegetable patches. Usage Simply place the device in the ground using the stake or mount it on a wall with the included hook. No configuration, no calibration and no maintenance beyond battery replacement. The device covers up to 30 feet with a 110° detection angle, which is more than enough for targeted zones. In larger gardens or areas with multiple access points, using more than one device is recommended. Powered by 3 AA batteries, ZeroCat offers around 6 months of autonomy with continuous day-and-night operation. Customer Reviews The repellent receives strong feedback for effectiveness and ease of use. Most users report visible results within the first few days, with some seeing immediate changes in cat behaviour. Ultrasonic repellents can divide opinion, largely because not all devices are calibrated specifically for cats. ZeroCat performs better than generic animal deterrents thanks to its cat-targeted frequency range and responsive PIR sensor. Some cats may test the area once or twice before avoiding it, especially if pheromones are already present. Cleaning the area beforehand significantly improves success by removing scent markers that attract repeat visits. Conclusion While sprays remain one of the cheapest short-term solutions, they require constant reapplication and become costly over time. ZeroCat Repellent works continuously without smells or ongoing purchases and is particularly well suited for gardens and lawns where repeated spraying would be impractical. For larger areas, the cost can add up if multiple units are needed; but the long battery life and proven effectiveness make it a solid long-term investment. ✓ Targeted specifically for cats. ✓ Can be hung or mounted anywhere in the garden. ✓ Covers up to 30 feet. ✓ Inaudible to humans. ✕ Requires batteries. ✕ Expensive. Best Budget Ultrasonic Repellent ⭐⭐⭐ ZUCKLIGHT 2PCS Ultrasonic Cat Repellent Another ultrasonic option, ZUCKLIGHT Cat Repellent emits two different frequencies to repel unwanted cats, dogs, foxes, squirrels, rodents, birds and other wildlife without harming them. This gives it a broad range of use, with flashing LED lights to further startle animals. The repellent is water and weatherproof for use in all seasons. It also comes in a pack of two, providing better protection for larger gardens. Usage The ZUCKLIGHT Ultrasonic Repellent has a standard ground stake and groove for easy wall mounting. The PIR motion sensor has a coverage angle of 120° and detection distance of up to 12 metres. The device emits a sound that irritates animals while being inaudible to humans; however, if you're an owner of cats or other pets then it's best mounted away from living areas to avoid causing discomfort. The repellent comes with a built-in solar panel that provides a full-day charge, offering a cost-effective power source. Customer Reviews ZUCKLIGHT Ultrasonic Repellent has a fair rating for its overall effectiveness, compact size and easy set up. Some customers with sensitive hearing complain about the noise, and the device's charging ability has mixed feedback. If you want to use the solar panel but live in a region with cloudy weather, you can station the stake into a plant pot that can be moved around the garden to the most convenient spot. Conclusion ZUCKLIGHT Repellent is designed to keep cats and other animals out of gardens before they become a nuisance - and waterproof, making it more convenient than sprays or granules. Since cats are attracted to wildlife, keeping birds and rodents away will likely mean less four-legged intruders. With two devices in a pack, it's an effective multifunctional product at a budget price - without the need for battery replacement. However, since it's not automatically targeted for cats, it requires some calibration. ✓ 2 devices to target multiple areas. ✓ Flashing LED lights. ✓ Solar powered. ✓ Covers up to 12 metres each. ✕ Doesn't emit cat-specific frequency. Best Urine Repellent Spray ⭐⭐⭐ C&G Urine Stop Spray Cat and Dog Repellent Marketed as both a cat and dog repellent, the active ingredients in C&G Urine Stop Spray are the same as what you'll find in any cat-specific product. Citrus and lemongrass are common and effective cat repellents due to their fresh scents, and lemongrass acts as an anti-microbial agent. These natural ingredients are paraben-free, making it pet and eco-friendly. Unlike other options, it's suitable for indoor and outdoor use. Urine contains pheromones and is the biggest attractant for cats, so eliminating this temptation may stop them from wanting to pee in your garden. It also helps to reduce other unwanted behaviours such as digging and scratching. Worse-case scenario, you have a house or garden that smells of lemons! Usage For best results, wash areas where there's evidence of territorial marking before application. Once dry, spray C&G Urine Stop liberally over the area. Citrus and geranium oils help to mask any remaining smells, while the deterrent action trains cats away from problem areas. Lemongrass helps to neutralise odours and inhibit the growth of bacteria. It's recommended to respray areas every 2-3 days in order to protect gardens and furniture, as it doesn't have the same lasting effect as chemical cleaners. With a large 500ml bottle, C&G Urine Stop is averagely priced against competitors. Visit Customer Reviews Most repellent sprays on the market have mixed reviews, which isn't surprising given the nature of cats. Some will turn and run from an offending pong, while more dominant cats will want to remark the area. It's important to remember that sprays aren't designed to remove urine, so it's essential to clean the area first with a strong disinfectant. This method may take some persistence, but it's a safe and humane option for tackling urine problems. Customers find C&G Urine Stop to have a fresh, pleasant aroma - even if cats don't! - and since it's safe to use on furniture, there's no need to worry about damaging your decor. Conclusion While cat repellent sprays are undoubtedly one of the simplest and cheapest solutions, it requires regular spraying and reapplication every time it rains - so for my fellow Brits, not so cheap after all! It will also bump up the cost for larger areas, making it impractical for lawns. I'd suggest using a good spray for targeting areas around doors to keep cats away from the house, particularly if you have any resident kitties. Sprays are more geared towards preventing the spread of urine and work best when applied to hard surfaces such as yards and patios. It's a good first option before investing in more expensive measures, and it's safe to use on a regular basis if cats are repeatedly visiting an area. ✓ Contains citrus, geranium oils and lemongrass. ✓ Targets urine spraying. ✓ Can be used indoors and outdoors. ✓ Won't harm plants or animals. ✕ Requires regular application. ✕ Not waterproof. Best Scatter Granules ⭐⭐⭐ The Big Cheese Cat Stop Scatter Granules Crystals or granules are designed to mask traces of pheromones in urine with strong, feline-aversive scents. This confuses a cat's sense of smell, training them to move to other areas where there's evidence of territorial marking (fouling or digging). Similar to sprays, Cat Stop Scatter Granules contain an all-natural blend of plant oils that's safe to use on lawns, soil, gravel and patios without posing a danger to pets or wildlife. Incorporated with biodegradable clay substrate, it naturally degrades without leaving any traces. Usage Choose a dry day to sprinkle the granules evenly over affected areas and repeat every 48 hours or until the problem has ceased. The slow-release formula should last longer than sprays but can be swept away in windy conditions. For granules to be most effective, the area should be cleared of fouling beforehand. One pack treats up to 250m² and it's suitable for outdoor use only. Customer Reviews Both granules and sprays have the same mixed opinions from users, as well as the downfall of being easily washed away. The smell is less desirable than the citrus that's common in repellent sprays, so it may not be ideal for vegetable patches. These methods are most suitable for spring and summer months when rainfall is lighter. With a large surface area covered by a single pack, Cat Stop Scatter Granules are a small and worthwhile investment. They're most effective when used correctly and consistently. Conclusion Depending on the area you wish to treat, the main benefit of granules is that they can be applied to pebbled or gravelled spaces and soil, making it an effective urine repellent for lawns, flowerbeds and driveways. With a pet-safe, environmentally-friendly formula that naturally degrades over time, it won't cause any harm to your cats or garden. Using alongside repellent sprays to target different areas of your property offers a cost-effective, short-term solution to unwanted visitors. You can use this product as a standalone shaker or to refill The Big Cheese Granule Applicator. ✓ Natural pet-safe ingredients. ✓ Targets urine spraying, fouling and digging. ✓ Treats up to 250m² ✓ Suitable for patios, lawns, gravel and soil. ✕ Requires regular application. ✕ Not weatherproof. Best Gel Crystals ⭐⭐⭐ Get Off Cat and Dog Repellent Gel Crystals Get Off Gel Crystals slowly release a strong odour that works in the same manner as granules by interrupting a cat's sense of smell. Over time, they'll be trained to move away from treated areas to those where they can detect evidence of previous scent marking. The ultra-absorbent crystals soak up urine to help remove any lingering traces. The crystals are suitable for use on patios, lawns and gravel; as well as creating a barrier effect for decking, fences, flowerbeds and other perimeters. They're for outdoor use only and, unlike similar products, the pet-safe formula doesn't contain garlic, which can be toxic to cats. Usage As with other deterrent methods, ensure the area is clean and any previous fouling has been removed. Scatter crystals evenly and reapply every 2-3 days as necessary. Due to the gel formula, they're less likely to get blown away than granules. One pack treats up to 72m². Gel crystals are not recommended for applying directly onto flowerbeds due to causing discolouration, and I'm certain you wouldn't want it affecting your vegetables either! Customer Reviews Get Off Gel Crystals are described as having a potent smell, but it's not always enough to deter cats from problem areas. Like other products, there's also the issue of being dissolved by rain, which may not give products a chance to work properly. Users see most effect when targeting small areas where cats tend to pee or poop. Since crystals are larger than granules, there are less of them for scattering. In some cases, one pack is said to have lasted just a few days. Once cats start to visit the area less frequently, you can reduce the amount of crystals used. Conclusion Whether you opt for crystals or granules will largely depend on your preference and target area. These may not make your garden look or smell pleasant, but that's the purpose of a repellent! You can apply Get Off Gel Crystals to multiple areas, but it may get expensive for larger gardens and lawns. ✓ Natural pet-safe formula. ✓ Soaks up urine. ✓ Targets urine spraying and fouling. ✓ Creates a protective barrier. ✕ Treats a small area. ✕ Requires regular reapplication. ✕ Not suitable for plants or flowerbeds. Best Jet Spray ⭐⭐⭐ PestBye Jet Spray Cat Repellent Not too dissimilar to ultrasonic devices, PestBye Jet Spray Repellent works on a motion sensor to fire a gentle burst of water when triggered by offending animals. Though seemingly cruel upon first impression, as I'm not an advocate of spraying cats myself, this acts as more of a deterrent. The idea being that after one or two sprays, cats will start to avoid the area in a natural learning process. With an adjustable spreading width and sensitivity settings, you don't have to worry about it affecting other pets you might have, such as rabbits or guinea pigs. The immediate burst of water will prevent cats from having a chance to start digging or fouling. Usage PestBye Jet Spray is stake mounted, which is only good for lawns and soiled areas. It requires connection to a garden hose and consumes 2-3 cups of water per activation. This is a small amount and won't cause any harm to animals. The jet spray has a range of up to 10 metres, depending on settings and water pressure; with a spreading width of 120°. You can adjust the jet height and motion sensitivity as desired. The device is powered by 4 AA batteries that last for approximately 3-4 months of continuous use. Visit Customer Reviews Customers describe PestBye Jet Spray as being a highly-functional and effective deterrent for intruding cats and foxes that works immediately, but the mount must be tightly secured into the ground to prevent toppling. Other downsides include water leakage and having to dodge a squirt if you accidentally walk past the motion sensor. This can be avoided by disconnecting the hose if you're spending time in the garden. Conclusion Jet sprays are undoubtedly the best cat deterrent for lawns, with the minor inconveniences of being permanently attached to a hose and water consumption for the eco-warriors. A slightly more expensive option, this is a long-term investment for preventing the destruction of flowerbeds, plants and vegetable patches. It can also be set up around ponds to protect aquatic life from cats, birds and other wildlife - with no dangerous chemicals or smells. Ensure the unit is drained during winter months to prevent freezing and potentially damaging the unit. ✓ Adjustable height and motion sensitivity. ✓ Effective on cats, foxes and other animals. ✓ Covers a large area. ✓ Long-term solution. ✕ Needs to be attached to a hose. ✕ Lawn mounting only. ✕ Requires batteries. Best Scarers ⭐⭐⭐ DIVCHI 3 Pack of Cat Scarers These cat scarers with reflective glass eyes are designed to mimic a cat, sort of like a feline scarecrow to repel other cats, birds, squirrels and foxes. Made from powder-coated metal means they're durable, rust resistant and can potentially last for years; although the most attractive quality has to be the stylish design. With no need for batteries, replacements or reapplications - such as with sprays or granules - cat scarers have the simplest of set ups and can be left in the garden all year around. Usage DIVCHI Cat Scarers can be mounted in lawns with stakes or hung to fences, sheds and branches with the provided hooks. I'd recommend using scarers as a preventative measure by arranging them around flowerbeds, plants and patios - or lining the top of fence panels to physically block off intruding parties. This can be done by nailing through the holes used for stakes. The scarers come in a pack of three to cover multiple zones of your garden. Customer Reviews Cat scarers are a safe and non-invasive cat repellent with a fair rating for what they are. They can be installed in a range of different areas, so usage is less limited than other methods. Effectiveness largely depends on the animal, as some cats are more timid than others. In comparison to other deterrents, it's more likely that once cats have approached the scarer, they learn that there are no repercussions for doing so. Most users find the reflective eyes to be more of a deterrent than the silhouettes. Conclusion The DIVCHI Cat Scarers are fairly inexpensive, with a decent rating for what are essentially garden statues. However, you may need a lot of them to cover larger areas. If they don't scare away furry intruders then, at the very least, they make a cute piece of decor! ✓ Non-invasive. ✓ Can be hung or mounted. ✓ Weatherproof. ✓ Stylish design. ✕ Not as effective as other methods. Best Anti-Cat Mat ⭐⭐⭐⭐ Kyrieval Spiked Mat Deterrent These spiked mats look scary at first glance but are perfectly safe and will cause no harm to animals. Made from flexible plastic, this prickle strip is designed to irritate paws to deter from digging, scratching or approaching the area you want to protect. It's unlikely that cats will attempt to navigate or cross over a mat, thus choosing somewhere more convenient to pee or poop. The Kyrieval Spiked Mat is durable and flexible and can be applied to a range of surfaces, including trees to prevent animals from climbing. It's suitable for both indoor and outdoor use. Usage The scat mat is simply applied over the desired area and fixed in place with the provided pegs, making it ideal for protecting plants, flowerbeds, vegetable patches, lawn perimeters and anywhere you want to prevent cats from hanging out. The prickle strip comes in a continuous 2-metre roll that can be cut into different lengths or sizes according to requirements, making it more convenient than small individual sheets. It can also be laid on hard surfaces in front of doors and gates by weighing down the ends with bricks or stones. For protecting fences, the Prikkastrip Eco Fence Wall Spikes can be affixed to the top of fence panels as a further deterrent, while staying in compliance with anti-climb security laws to prevent injury or pain to animals (and humans - but that's another topic!). Customer Reviews The Kyrieval Spiked Mat has an impressive rating with the potential to be an effective multifunctional product. It's commonly used to prevent cats and squirrels from digging in plant pots and soiled areas. The mat is reported to be easy to install, without being swept away by windy conditions. Conclusion While prickle mats can be used in a variety of situations, they're also a pricier option as you're paying per roll. If you have a large garden then it could soon add up; but once they're in place, there's no need for maintenance. To save money, use in combination with other deterrents or limit to those hard-to-reach places. ✓ Can be placed anywhere in the garden. ✓ Suitable for soil, flowerpots and planters. ✓ Prevents digging and scratching. ✓ Cuts to size. ✕ Covers a small area. ✕ Can get expensive. Shop pet supplies → Summary Use this quick comparison guide to round up the most important points of each cat deterrent and find a solution that works best for you (and your garden!). Urine repellent sprays: A cheap, quick-fix solution for hard surfaces such as patios, yards and doors. Requires regular application. Scatter crystals/granules: Value for money and a long-lasting solution for soil and gravel. Similar to sprays, these are easily washed away. Ultrasonic devices: Safe and effective with various settings to target different animals. Needs to be mounted or hung. Jet sprays: Highly effective and best for larger gardens or lawns. Needs to be attached to a hose and you may get splattered! Cat scarers: More for show and less effective than other products, but a great physical blockade for fences or flowerbeds. Prickle mats: Best used for blocking off small areas including plants or flowerbeds, fences and gates. Could be costly for larger gardens. Information accurate from August 2026 and may be subject to change. Have you tried any of these outdoor cat deterrents with any luck? Do you think something missed the list? Let us know in the comments if you have any recommendations of your own.

*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases at no cost to you. Head to my TRIED AND TESTED top 10 tips for how to change a cat's food: Mix Old Food with New Layer Foods Mash and Heat Add Treats or Toppers Encourage Tasting More Offer Different Flavours and/or Textures Use Clean, Suitable Bowls Make Sure Cats Are Hungry Avoid Creating Food Aversion Feed Separately from Other Cats Also in this article: Can New Food Cause Vomiting and Diarrhoea? More How Long Does It Take Cats to Adjust to New Food? Can Normal Cats Eat Another Cat's Prescription Food? Is your cat refusing to eat its new food? Do you have a bin overflowing with half-empty sachets and tins? Are you spending a fortune on prescription diets with so much waste that you might as well be flushing money down the toilet? Changing a cat's food can be a challenge for fussy eaters, as I discovered when my boy, Drax, was diagnosed with having crystals in his wee and I had to switch him onto a urinary diet. This can be especially problematic in multi-cat households with a Mr or Miss Greedy in the mix - if kitty won't eat its new food then one of its housemates will! Specialist diets are the most common reason for making the transition, but these tasty tips can be applied to any type or brand of food that you want to start feeding your cats. For tips on raw feeding, you might want to check out fresh food companies like KatKin who offer personalised advice. Related post: Fresh Raw and Cooked Cat Food: Tailor-Made Nutrition Sent to Your Door! These 10 strategies are guaranteed to encourage cats to try new food - sometimes getting over that first hurdle is all it takes. If you're thinking that cats will eat anything if they're hungry enough, you clearly don't know cats. One of the main causes of anorexia seen in catteries and shelters is not giving them the right food - that is, food they're not used to eating or simply don't like. While it never hurts to get a health check-up, especially where cats seem to have lost their appetite or gone off their usual food, oftentimes they won't eat simply because they're not hungry. Mix Old Food with New Before we start mixing, any abrupt changes to a cat's diet can lead to vomiting and/or diarrhoea. Cats are sensitive creatures and new food should be introduced gradually in small amounts to minimise stomach upsets. If sickness persists then go back to their current food until it's cleared up or try another brand. You could first try offering a few spoonfuls of regular and new food in separate bowls. If your cat refuses the new food then it's time to start mixing. Visit *It's generally advised against mixing different brands of specialist or veterinary prescribed foods based on the ingredients and how they function together. In order for diets to work, it has to be done consistently in the same way as administering medication. Do your research, stick to manufacturers' guidelines and find a balance that works for your cat. Days 1-2: Feed 3/4 of regular food with 1/4 of new food. Days 3-4: Increase amounts to half and half. Days 5-7: Increase further to 1/4 regular and 3/4 new. Day 8 onwards: Feed only new food. The aim is that by the end of week one, the transition to new food is complete; but this is just a guideline demonstrating the MINIMUM amount of time it should take. In Drax's case, this timeframe wasn't only optimistic but completely far-fetched. I had to use much smaller ratios than those stated above, less than a spoonful of new food per portion to begin with. Taste doesn't matter much to cats as they only have around 470 taste buds, but there's no deceiving the feline nose! Don't be afraid to start with just a couple of chunks or kibble pieces - the process will be longer and there'll be greater wastage - but your cat will be happier in the long-run. Layer Foods You can use this in combination with mixing, depending on how fussy (or greedy) your kitty is. Layering new food on top of regular food forces cats to eat through it in order to get to the good stuff. Not all will fall for this trick, but encouraging them to approach and inspect their bowl is a good starting point. Mash and Heat If you're feeding wet food, mix with a splash of warm water and heat for a few seconds in the microwave. Bringing out the aroma helps to make food more appetising to a cat's incredible sense of smell, and in the wild they'd be munching on fresh prey rather than something at room temperature. Apologies to my fellow veggies out there, but if you don't like it then don't get a cat! Grain-free Cosma Jelly Snacks come in single servings for moderation and to lessen wastage. Includes tasty chicken, tuna or salmon in a light jelly. Add Treats or Toppers Bury treats in the food or use a topper. These usually consist of dried sprinkles or a paste/jelly that comes in individual sachets, which can be given as a snack or drizzled over food. Drax enjoys these Cosma Jelly Snacks that come in a variety of flavours including chicken, tuna and salmon - although he does have a habit of licking it off the top and leaving the rest. Another good option, Ciao Churu Treat Tubes are available in a mixture of chicken or seafood recipes. Both are best for wet food as they have the same texture, which also matters to cats. If you're looking for the option of a dry food topper, these Cat Sprinkles are available in chicken, chicken-liver and turkey. If, like me, you have a sneaky topper scoffer then you can start mixing it into the food or offer it as a reward after eating. Encourage Tasting Wipe or smear a little bit of wet food onto your cat's paw (or crumble up some dry food and make a paste with a drop of water). This will encourage them to lick it off while grooming to get that initial first taste out of the way. I also used my finger to dab some food onto Drax's lips, but only attempt this if you trust your cat - and more importantly, if kitty allows it! Nine times out of ten he'd eat the rest, even if it was just a few mouthfuls. Offer Different Flavours and/or Textures Offer a variety of textures and flavours, wherever possible. Rotate every other day to avoid boredom, but not too often or else they'll soon learn that if they refuse to eat one thing then something different will take its place. This may be difficult with specialist diets because the range of flavours is, to put it bluntly, crap. Most urinary food comes in a choice of chicken or salmon regardless of brand. How would you like to eat the same two meals every day, Mr Purina? If companies are going to charge a fortune for their products, at least make them appealing. Most brands have both wet and dry food available, as well as different textures such as pâté which offers some variety. Thankfully, Drax will scoff almost any kibble going once he's adapted to the new tastes and smells. It's also worth highlighting again the importance of texture: that is, food that's too sloppy, too dry, too crunchy, too soft, large chunks or small chunks. Drax only started eating his urinary food when it was mashed into the size of minced meat, and both of my boys go for smaller kibble pieces. Cats have preferences, too! Use Clean, Suitable Bowls As obvious as it sounds, use a clean bowl for every mealtime so there are no lingering pongs - this will turn cats off even more. If someone served you a mouldy banana then you're not going to look at bananas in the same way for a good few days. In fact, why not blow your kitty's mind by offering a different shape or style of bowl? Wide, shallow dishes are best to avoid whisker fatigue; and raising it off the ground helps to reduce neck strain. A comfy kitty will be more inclined to eat, and a new bowl may provide a distraction from putting the same food down. Some cats prefer to have their food and water bowls kept apart, so you can try separating them. Set of 3 cat food bowls made from quality, non-toxic melamine. Bowls have a shallow design and tilted angle to prevent whisker fatigue, with anti-skid silicone pads underneath. Make Sure Cats Are Hungry Cats are more likely to eat when they're hungry, such as after a play session or set mealtimes. More often than not, they'll pester for food out of boredom or just because they can. No grazing and no naughty snacks! To keep this momentum going, offer smaller portions to keep kitty coming back for more. This will mean more regular feeding, but it's a temporary measure and may work better for fussy eaters. Shop Premium Cat Food → Avoid Creating Food Aversion Food aversion can be caused by forcing cats to eat or starving them into submission, both of which create negative associations with food. Never try to physically restrain or syringe-feed a cat because, chances are, you'll be the one that suffers. With the exception of medical intervention, and unless your kitty is facing a life-or-death situation, there's no reason why you should be force-feeding an animal. Take away uneaten food rather than leaving it to go stale - that's gross for everyone. Cats will be fine without food for 12 hours, but remember that just because they've built up an appetite doesn't mean they'll eat whatever's put in front of them. Leaving them for days at a time poses a serious health risk, so if they're refusing to budge then it's best to reset and start over. Feed Separately from Other Cats As touched on previously, if you have a shy cat or one that's bullied by greedy companions, give it a private room to eat at its own pace. Fortunately, Simba wouldn't touch wet food with a thirty-foot barge pole so there was never any competition in our house. He's extremely particular about his kibble too, although he did develop a liking for Drax's urinary food! Can New Food Cause Vomiting and Diarrhoea? Vomiting and/or diarrhoea after eating can happen for a number of reasons, particularly where new diets are concerned. Sometimes food doesn't agree with a cat's sensitive stomach, but the more common cause is that it's been introduced too quickly. A gradual transition allows the digestive system to adjust to unfamiliar nutrients over a number of days or weeks. Vomiting can also be a result of cats eating too fast, if they're in competition with other housemates or particularly fond of their new food - which is great for you, but not so much for kitty! Poor ingredients can be a factor with some cheaper brands, so be sure to choose a quality and nutritionally-balanced diet. This is the equivalent to humans eating a fresh meal in comparison to processed junk. Food intolerance and allergies can also upset a cat's stomach, in which case it's best to try a different brand. Most issues can be solved with a temporary return to old food until vomiting stops and poop returns to normal. Blood work and other tests can help to diagnose any allergies, intolerances, bacteria or other things that may be causing sickness in cats. If vomiting or diarrhoea persists for more than 48 hours, consult a vet for advice. Related post: How to Prepare Cats for a Vet Visit and Reduce Stress How Long Does It Take Cats to Adjust to New Food? While the minimum amount of time it should take cats to transition to new food is one week, the maximum time is more difficult to predict and will depend on your cat's resistance levels and gut sensitivity. Allow at least 14 days if your cat is being fussy, as it may be feeling unwell without the obvious signs of vomiting or diarrhoea. We've all eaten something that didn't agree with us and, in some cases, never looked at that food in the same way again. It also depends on how big a change the diet is: for example, swapping dry food for wet food is more likely to create aversion IF your cat is particularly fussy. Try to keep textures and flavours the same or similar to old food in the first instance, and if this has no effect then switch things up by offering something different. Be prepared to give kitties at least 3-4 weeks to adjust, although this is by no means a set timeframe. Introducing new food is more likely to go smoothly if taken slowly - in our case, four weeks was closer to four months. Even now, Drax would rather eat a regular meal to his urinary diet; and I'm still working on getting Simba off the kibble! Can Normal Cats Eat Another Cat's Prescription Food? In short, yes, it is safe for normal cats to eat prescription or specialist foods; but it shouldn't make up their complete daily diet. The ingredients in these foods are adapted to suit the condition: for example, urinary food has lower magnesium, calcium and phosphorus contents, which are associated with the formation of urinary stones. Cats are unlikely to become deficient because they have abnormally high levels of these nutrients in the first place, whereas a normal cat may develop deficiencies over time. A few mouthfuls won't hurt but if it's persistently stealing another cat's food and eating none of its own, then separate mealtimes are a good idea. An alternative solution might be investing in a microchip feeder, which is a bit like an upgraded food dispenser that releases food to an authorised pet by recognising his or her microchip. Owners in the UK must get their cats microchipped by law, but it's also possible to attach them to collars. A basic option, the Sure Petcare SureFeed Microchip Pet Feeder works for both wet and dry food. The lid only opens for authorised pets based on their microchip or RFID collar tag (supplied). Just be conscious of any changes to your cat's health and if you suspect new food is the cause, consult your vet. Shop smart fountains and automatic feeders → Enough of the theory work, it's time to get practical by trying these easy strategies for introducing cats to new food. Smell and familiarity are everything to our feline friends, so don't be surprised or concerned if there's a lengthy adjustment period. With persistence and encouragement, cats will eventually get used to new food. It largely depends on their stubbornness levels - as with anything cat related, work on their time instead of your own! Mentioned Products Churu by INABA Cat Treat Cat Sprinkles Cat Food Topper Sure Petcare SureFeed Microchip Pet Feeder Did these tasty tips work for your cat? Do you have any advice of your own? 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